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HOGOLOGY 



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INFORMATION 



CONCKRNINO Sw^INE. 



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DR. JOS. HAAS' 

SMREIIIES 

WIL.I. 

PREVENT AND CURE 

All Diseases of 
HORSES AND CATTLE. 



HAAS' ALTERATIYE, 25c. and SOc. per Box. 

The Best Condition Powder for Horses. A 
Blood Purifier and Tonic. 



HAAS' EPIZOOTIC REMEDY, $1.00 per box. 

Cures Distemper, Epizootic and 
Pink Eye. 



HAAS' COLIC REMEDY, - $1.00 per box. 

Acts Promptly, Relieves Suffering and 
Saves Liife. 



HAAS' CATTLE REMEDY, - $1.00 per box. 

The Best Preventive of Pleuro-Pneumonia, 
Milk Fever and Bloody Murrain. 



FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS. 



HOGOLOGY 



INKOR.XIATION 
CONCKRNINO SWINK. 









S^p washinoI^ 



INDIA??AP0LIS : 

WM. B. BUHFORD, PRINTER. 
1885. 



CONTENTS. 



Arrest disease, how to 36 

Artichokes as hog food 25 

Breeds (principal) of swine 7 

Berkshire swine 9 

Breeding' of swine .* . . . 17 

Chester-White swine 16 

Cheshire swine 15 

Corn, or its equivalent, necessary to sustain hog life ... 21 

Constituents of body of hog 23 

Castration 28 

Cistern, contents ot 41 

Corn in crib, how to measure 38 

Desirable time for pigs 19 

Diseases of swine ... 32 

Diseases of swine (symptoms). 32 

Diseases of swine, rules for treating 34 

Don'ts, the 34 

Duroc-Jersey swine 14 

Error of permitting hogs to eat carcasses 30 

Feeding and fattening economically 19 

Flesh and fat formers, value of foods as 22 

Foofl for domestic animals, value of. 25 

Food, nutrition in 24 

Food, comparative value of . . . 24 

Fraudulent veterinary medicines . 40 

Hay in stack, to find quantity . 38 

Hay in mow, to find quantity 40 

Hog lice 29 

Hogs, to compute the weight of ol 

H('gs aa manure producers 32 

Hogs, highest and lowest prices ^6 

How to prevent and arrest disease 36 

Ignorant prescriptions 36 

Jersey-Red swine 13 

Jersey-Duroc swine 14 

Losses of stock from disease, etc 30 

Manure, relative value of 31 

Miscellaneous 48 

Money in pies 26 

"Nip and Tuck" 17 

Poland-China swine 11 

Prevent disease, how to 36 

Prevent sows eating pigs, to 29 

Pounds to the bushel of various articles 39 

Quantity of seeds per acre 42 

Record associations 8 

Spaying 28 

Size to make boxes for certain measures 48 

Statistics of swine ' ' /^a 

Weather wisdom 44 

2 



INTRODUCTION. 

There is nothing new under the sun. The follow- 
ing pages contain nothing that is new or unknown, 
■^he information given is compiled from various 
sources of authority. The aim of this pamphlet is to 
supply the farmer and others interested in swine facts 
' concerning the breeding, feeding and treatment of the 
animal whose career is of vital importance to the 
pocket book and bank account of every American 
larmer. 

A massive volume might be written concerning his 
hogship, but as few persons have the time or inclina- 
tion to wade through hundreds of pages, the compiler 
hopes that this work, while it does not supply all the 
information that could be given or may be expected 
upon viewing the title, will create and foster an inter- 
est in the science of swine breeding, and stimulate the 
reader to pursue further the matters which are herein 
suggested and touched with a light hand. 

The intention of this pamphlet, besides giving to 
the farmer items of information concerning other 
farm matters, is to place before its readers the ex- 
perience and successful results of experiments made 
by its author (a veterinarian whose practice for many 
years has been mainly directed to the betterment of 
the condition of swine and the prevention and cure 
of their diseases), iu the treatment of swine disease 
and its prevention. 

As " the proof of the pudding is in the eating 
thereof," so m regard to this publication ; if the re- 
commendations it contains fail to appeal to the sober 
judgment of the reader as being based upon the high- 
est of all sciences, viz, that of common sense, the work 
of preparation will have been in vain. 

Value of the Swine Industry. 

According to the National Department of Agri- 
culture at Washington, .D. C, there were in the 
United States on .January 1, 1885, 45,142,657 swine, 
of the average value of $5.02, the aggregate value of 
the pork producing animal being $226,616,138.14. 
(See statistics on another page.) 

3 • 



It must be borne in mind, however, that at that 
season of the year (January) the swine in existence 
are principally young and of considerable less value, 
therefore, the enumeration, if taken in the months 
of October and November, would show a marked in- 
crease in number and value. 

Yet, the above figures are sufficient to demonstrate 
what a great factor in the prosperity of the farmer is 
what may be properly termed the swine industry, for 
the brec^ding and feeding of swine is undoubtedly one 
of tiie chief industries of every well-ordered farm. 

In earlier days, when the laising of swine was con- 
fined only to supplying the needs of the family of 
the farmer, the brood sow and her young family were 
treated with the same beneficent care that is now 
given to the milch cow or family horse. To-day the 
hog is a marketable commodity of greater value than 
the grain which constitutes its principal article of 
food, and in the hurry of feeding it up to a profitable 
weight for market its proper care and treatment is neg- 
lected to an extent sufficient to entail a loss, verified 
by statistics, of nearly seven millions of dollars annually. 

The original hog was not fattened on corn or dis- 
tillery slop. His living was obtained much after the 
manner of the human tramp or Sherman's bummers, 
he foraged for it. Trees, grasses, wild fruits and 
roots, formed his principal diet, it was " root, hog or 
die." No kind hand plowed the land, sowed seed 
tended the growing corn and distributed it when ripe 
two or three times daily tohishogship. But lacking lux- 
uries he fortunately lacked the natural concomitants of 
a luxurious life, viz, easy subjectivenesa to disease, or 
if he did, few were cognizant of the fact, because his 
value as an article of commerce had not been estab- 
lished. We have no time to waste upon him except 
to draw the inference that, as v/ith man, the further 
he recedes, in the process of evolution, from his prime- 
val ancestry and multiplies in numbers, the more 
is his healthy existence dependent upon the teach- 
ings of nature and science ; the one to guide by ob- 
servation to a knowledge of the causes of disease and 
error in treatment, and the other to assist nature in 
its herculanean task of resisting and driving back the 
diseases incurred by the neglect of the laws of nature. 

■4 



SWINE STATISTICS. 

The number of swine in the United States on the 1st 
Jay of January, 1885, as shown by statistics prepa: ed by 
the United States Agricultural Department : 



STATES AND TERRITORIES. 



Maine 

New Hampshire, 
Vermont ... 
Massachusetts. 
Rhode Island . , 
Connecticut. . 
New York ... 
New Jersey . . 
Pennsylvania. 
Delaware ... 
Maryland ... 
Virginia. ... 
North Carol' na 
South Carolina , 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama . . . 
Mississippi . . 
Louisiana ... 
Texas ..... 

Arkansas ... 
Tennessee . . . 
West Virginia. . 
Kentucky . . . . 

Ohio. ..... 

Mifhigan . . . , 
Indiana .... 

Illinois .... 

Wiscons'n. . . 
Minnesota. . . , 

Iowa 

Mis.«ouri. ... 
Kan-^'as .... 
Nebraska . . . 
California . . . 
Oregon .... 
Nevada .... 
Colorado . . 
Arizona .... 
Dakota .... 

Idaho 

Montana . . . 
New Mexico. . 

Utah 

Washington. . 

Total . . . 



Hogs. 



Number. 



Value 



71,41(3 
54,'l04 
74.115 

81,701 

14,840 

62,406 

1?S,7% 

206.165 

1,114 5:56 

44,431 

309.142 

795,687 

1,432,599 

567,181 

1,597,937 

307,328 

1,351,752 

1,224,388 

563,874 

2,233,081 

1,6-59,181 

2,021,568 

416,133 

2,052.665 

2,467,123 

849,174 

2,801.211 

4.090,681 

1,066,934 

431 .902 

4,800,998 

4.210,193 

2.208,911 

1,679.200 

978'665 

187,843 

14,256 

14.193 

9,853 

177,990 

26,762 

19.298 

24,988 

26,242 

63,599 

45,142,657 



5627,747 

551,113 

619,601 

1,014. T26 

166,802 

619,068 

6,284,870 

1,999,891 

9,462,411 

364.334 

1,944,503 

3,421,454 

5,787,336 

2,348,129 

5,528,862 

835,932 

4,580,405 

3,979,261 

1,877,700 

8,128,415 

5,574,848 

8,126,703 

1,739,436 

9.709,105 

13,297,820 

5.154,486 

15,770,818 

21.435.168 

6,316,249 

2. 26^166 

2(i.74 1,559 

16,924,976 

13,673,159 

10,49i,000 

5,676,257 

706,290 

95,943 

126,743 

62.074 

1,028,782 

240,858 

189.120 

177,415 

243,526 

489,712 



$226,401,683 



Highest and Lowest Prices of Hogs for 
Twenty-eight Years. 

The price of hogs and pork in the Chicago market 
during the month of January for twenty-eight years 
past. 

Highest and Lowest in January. 



Year. 



Pork. 



Hogs. 



1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 



$13.00- 
16.25- 
15.75- 
16.25- 

9.25- 
14.00- 
19.75- 
38.50- 
28.00- 
19.00- 
21.25- 
31.00- 
29 50- 
23.00- 
13.40- 
12 00- 
14.75- 
19.00- 
19.45- 
17.95- 
11.35- 

9.57- 
13.62- 
14.50- 
18.50- 
17.82- 
16.35- 
12.45- 



-12.00 
-16.00 
-14.50 
-13.75 

- 8.00 
-10.75 
-17.50 
-32.75 
-24.50 
-18 00 
-19.62 
-27.00 
-26.00 
-18.37 
-12.50 
-11.35 
-13.75 
-17.70 
-19.00 
-16.40 
-10.50 

- 7.27 
-12.20 
-12.20 
-16.60 
-16.75 
-14.20 
-11.30 



$4.00—3.25 
5.00—4.00 
5.25—4.60 
5.50—4.25 
2.70—2.15 
4.30—2.75 
6.75—3.75 

12.75—9.75 
9.00—8.50 
6.50—5.40 
7.25—5.50 

11.34—9.51 
9.93—8.50 
7.16—6.26 
4.46—4.05 
4.12—3.40 
5.90—4.25 
7.55—5.25 
7.80—5.75 
7.25—5.65 
4.37—3.60 
3.40—2.50 
4.95—4.25 
5.90—4.40 
7.35—5.80 
7.10—5.60 
6.75—4.95 
5.05—4.00 



^1 



THE PRINCIPAL BREEDS OF SWINE 
OF THE UNITED STATES ARE: 



Berkshire, 


Yorkshire 


Poland-China, 


Essex, 


Duroc-Jersey, 


Sussex. 


Jersey-Eed, 


Woburn, 


Chester-White, 


Mackey, 


Cheshire, 


Byfield. 



The six first mentioned breeds are predominant and 
the desire for their improvement has resulted in the 
formation of associations of swine breeders, having 
for members the leading breeders of hogs in the 
United States. 

These associations register in their " records " the 
pedigrees of all thoroughbred swine of the particular 
breed from which they take their title, and furnish 
copies of the same at a small charge. Farmers desir- 
ing pure bred stock for breeding purposes will find it 
to their best interest to abandon inbreeding and close 
breeding and purchase boars and sows from breeders 
who can furnish reliable pedigrees furnished by these 
associations, whicli exist, not as money making insti- 
tutions, but for the improvement of swine and the 
dissemination of information and the protection of 
farmers and swine breeders from bogus breeders, of 
whom there are a large number. 

The method adopted by these bogus breeders is to 
travel over the country and take orders for pigs they 
do not own. They w^U take orders for pigs and 
gu.arantee them to be thoroughbred, and furnish 
written pedigrees a yard long. An instance has been 
given of one of these confidence operators taking an 
order for a Chester- White hog and purchasing a scrub 
white pig and shipping him to the trustful farmer 
w'ho is unconscious of the fraud until the offspring 
appear, some of them spotted black and white. An- 
other instance is given of a bogus breeder purchasing 
six pigs, the brood sow being white and the sire an 
Essex boar; three of tkem were as black as the ace 
of spades and three of them perfectly white. He 
shipped the white ones as thoroughbred Chester- 
Whites, and the black ones as pure Essex, and fur- 
nished pedigrees of his own manufacture. There- 

7 



fore all intending to raise pure bred swine only can 
best attain that end by refusing to purchase swine 
for breeding jjurposes from any one who can not 
furnish them witli pedigrees certified by the properly 
authorized officers of the Record Associations. 

The following is a general description of the promi- 
nent breeds, the names of the Record Associations, their 
executive officials and the standard of excellence 
adopted by them for the guidance of their members. 
The compiler of this pamphlet has no special or 
pecuniary interest in any of them, but believing that 
they are doing a grand Avork for the American farmer 
and sv/ine breeder, and leaving the selection of breed 
to the reader, recommends him to support and further 
the interests of that association wjiioh exists for the 
development and improvement of the breed which is 
his own particular fancy, and the result will be 
healthier pork for the people and more money in the 
pocket of the breeder. 

SWINE BECORD ASSOCIATIONS. 

American Berkshire Record. — Phil. M. 
Springer, Secretary, Springfield, 111. Fee for regis- 
tering, $L00. 

American Poland-China Record. — John Gil- 
more, Secretary, Vinton, Iowa. Fee for registering, 
$1.00. 

American Buroc-Jkrsey Svn'ine Association. — 
Chas. W. Holmes, Secretary, Grinneli, Iowa. Fee for 
registering, $1.00 ; member% 50 cents. 

National, Chester White Record. — E. R. 
Moody, Secretary, Eminence, Kentucky. Fee for 
registering, $1.00. 

Central Poland-Chin v Record. — W. H. Mor- 
ris, Secretary, Indianapolis, Indiana. Fee for regis- 
tering, $1.00. 

Ohio Poland-China Record. — Carl Freigau 
Secretary, Dayton, Ohio. Fee for registering, $1.00. 

Northwestern Poland-China Record. — J. O^ 
Young, Secretary, Washington, Kansas. Fee foi 
registering, $1.00. 

Cheshire Swine Breeders' Association. — Gil^ 
bert S. Button, Vice-President, Chittenango, N. Y| 
Fee for registering. $1.00. 

8 



National Association of Jersey-Red Swine 
Breeders.— Clark Pettit, Secretary, Salem, New Jer- 
sey. Fee for registerins;, $1.00. 
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BERK- 
SHIRE SWINE. 



The Berkshire is one of the oldest breeds. Form- 
erly it was distinguished by its reddish color with 
small black spots. It was improved by the early in- 
troduction of Chinese and Siamese blood, and since 
18B9 by an infusion of Neapolitan blood; the latter 
cross has produced the fine hair and pliable skin of a 
rich plum color which is now a noticeable character- 
istic of the modern Berkshire. 

Color. — Black with white on feet, face, tip of tail^ 
an occasional splash of white behind the fore leg, and 
sometimes a small white spot on some other portion 
of the body ; white upon one ear, or a bronze or cop- 
per spot on some part of the body does not argue 
impurity, but is discouraged by the best breeders. 
(Other markings suggests impurity.) 

Face. — Short, fine and well dished, broad between 
tlie eyes, ears erect, smajl, thin, soft and showing 
veins. 

.Jowl. — Full; not deep. 

Neck. — vShort and thick. 

Shoulders. — Short from neck to middling, deep 
from back down. 

Back. — Broad and straight, or very slightly arched. 

Ribs. — Long and well sprung, giving rotundity of 
body. 

Hip. — Good length from point of coupling to tail. 

Hams.— Thick, "round and deep, holding their 
thickness well back and down to the hocks. 

9 



Tail. — Fine and small, set on high up. 

Legs. — Wide apart, short and fine, but straight and 
very strong, with hoofs erect. 

Size and Length. — Medium. 

Bone. — Fine and compact. 

Offal. — Light. 

Hair. — Fine and soft ; no bristles. 

Skin. — Pliable. 

The promoters of this breed claim that they are 
hardy, prolific, excellent nurses, active and furnish 
excellent meat for smoking, producing good hams, 
shoulders and bacon. One of the most prominent 
breeders of several kinds of swine says he prefers the 
meat of the Berkshire for his own family use. 

Advocates of rival breeds, however, claim that they 
are objectionable because of their restlessness when in 
the field, inclining them to be breachy and hard to 
fatten, and slow of growth, on account of their ac- 
tivity, and that they are deficient as lard producers. 
Yet, on account of their tipright ear, quick eye, firm 
nerve and activity, they are excellent to follow cat- 
tle, it being almost impossible for them to be hurt by 
the horns of the cattle. 

If closely confined and well fed, they grow rapidly 
and fatten easily. 

STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE 

Adopted by the American Berkshire Record Association. 

Color, black, with Avhite on feet, face, tip of tail, 
and an occasional splash on the arm, 4; face and 
snout short, the former fine and well dished, and 
broad between the eyes, 7 ; eye, very clear, rather 
large, dark hazle or gray, 2; ear, generally almost 
erect, but sometimes inclined forward with advanced 
age, medium size, thin and soft, 4; joAvl, full and 
heavv, running well back on neck, 4 ; neck, short and 
broad on top, 4 ; hair, fine and soft, medium thick- 
ness, S ; skin smooth and pliable, 4 ; shoulder, thick 
and even, broad on top, and deep through chest, 7 ; 
back, broad and straight, ribs well sprung, coupling 
close up to the hips, 8 ; side, deep and well let down, 
straight on bottom line, 6; fiank, well back and low 
down on leg, making nearly a straight line with lower 
♦ 10 



part of side, 5; loin, full and wide, 9 ; ham, deep and 
thick, extending well up on back, and holding thick- 
ness well down on hock, 10; tail, well set up on back, 
tapering and not coarse, 2 ; legs, short, straight and 
strong, set wide apart, with hoofs erect and capable 
of holding good weight, 5; symmetry, well propor- 
tioned throughout, depending largely on condition, 
■ 5 ; condition, in good, healthy, growing • state, not 
over-fed, 6; %le, attractive, spirited, indicative ot 
thorough breeding and constitutional vigor, 5 ; total, 
100. 

POLAND-CHINA SWINE. 




The Poland-China hog originated in southwestern 
Ohio, the common stock being its basis, crossed with 
the China, Russia, Byfield, Poland, Bedford, Big 
China and others, between 1815 and 1835. After- 
wards the product of these crosses were crossed with 
the Berkshire and Irish Grazier. The white color in 
the present standard breed evidently originated from 
the China, Byfield, Bedford, Eussia and Irish Graziers, 
and the black from the Berkshire, or possibly from 
the Essex, during the earlier efforts made by the sturdy 
farmers of the Miami bottoms to establish a breed of 
swine which should prove practical and profitable. 
The outcropping of red comes, probably, from their 
cross with the Poland, or maybe the Jersey Red. 
During the last forty years there have been no further 
attempts to introduce new blood, and to-day the Po- 
land China swine are a standard breed, transmitting 
their characteristics with certainty and uniformity. 
The characteristics of this breed are described as 

follows : ^ 

11 



Color. — Spotted, but fancy of the breeders has 
varied it from nearly white to almost or entirely 
black, the dark colors having preference. 

Size. — ^They have long, deep bodies, straight or 
slightly arched backs. 

Hams. — Large and full, holding their size low down 
and lapping over the liock. 

Shoulders. — Broad and deep. 

Chest. — Capacious. * 

Flank. — Low. 

Muzzle. — Fine. 

Ears. — Small, line, thin, silky and drooping. 

Neck. — Short, full, high crested. 

Jowl. — Heavy. 

Legs. — Short, tough, medium -sized, well apart, 
terminating in tine, tough feet. 

Hair. — Fine, usually straight, although sometimes 
a little wavy ; nO bristles. 

They are active and vigorous, prolific breeders 
and good nurses; have fine fattening qualities at all 
ages. 

STANDARD OP POLAND-CHINAS. 

American Record. 

Color, dark predominating, 3 percent. ; head short, 
small and wide between the eyes, 8 ; ears, fine, silky 
and drooping, 3 ; neck, short and slightly arched, 3 
jowl, large and neat, 3 ; shoulder, broad and deep, 8 
heart, girth large and full, 10 ; ribs, well sprung, 8 
back, straight or slightly arched, 8; sides, deep, 8 
loin, wide and full, 10; flank, well down, 3; belly 
wide and straight, 4; hams, broad, deep and well 
down on hock, 12 ; legs, short pastern short and 
standing well on toes, 5 ; tail, tapering and not coai-se, 
2; hair, tine and thick, 2; total, 100. 



12 



JERSEY RED SWINE. 



The origin of the Jersey Ked is not positively 
known. They have been carefully bred in New Jer- 
sey for fifty years, and now extensively bred in New 
Jersey, Virginia, Kentucky and in some parts of the 
Western States. 

These hogs are supposed by some investigators to 
have descended from the Polish or Podolian hog of 
Continental Europe, and were imported to America 
by the Dutch settlers of New Jersey and New York. 
Their appearance answers completely the description 
given by Albert Thaer (a celebrated German Agri- 
cultural writer) of the Polish hog, common in Ger- 
many in 1800 and later. Some persons suppose them 
to be descendants of the old Red Berkshire, but they 
more nearly resemble the Polish hog. 

New Jersey breeders, and those of other States who 
desired to perpetuate what they believe they possess, 
viz : the improved genuine Jersey Red, met in Cam- 
den, New Jersey, on January 31, 1885, and organized 
the National Jersey Red Swine Breeders' Association, 
and decided that none but the offspring of stock re- 
corded prior to March 1, 1885, should be eligible to 
record. 

The general description of these hogs is that they 
are good feeders, large size, strong constitution, of 
docile disposition and rather sluggish ; thev are pro- 
lific breeders, fair nursq^ and fatten readily. The 
advocates of this breed claim that they are less liable 
to disease than any othei-s. It is certainly true that 
they have many valuable qualities, as well as some 
that may be viewed as undesirable, but the former 
undoubtedly outweigh fchc latter so ffreatlv that their 



unfavorable qualities are not worth considering. The j 
improvement of the breed, however, has almost, if / , 
not quite, obliterated these unfavorable qualities / 
possessed by the original stock. / 

As an evidence of their fattening qualities it may/ 
be stated that during the winter of 1884-'85, of fortyl 
hogs slaughtered by two breeders of the common/ 
Jersey Eed, at the harvesting of the New Hanover! 
(N. J.) pork crop, the average dry weight was 824 
lbs., three of them being over 1,000 lbs. each. 

Standard of the National Association of 

Jersey Red Swine Breeders. 

The improved Jersey Red Swine should be of good 
medium length, on fine symmetrical legs, with 
straight or slightly roached backs, well-sprung ribs, 
deep bodies and large development of hams ; should 
evince great constitutional vigor and feeding capac- 
ity, with sufficient growth to insure with good care a 
net weight of 300 to 350 lbs. at 9 months old ; or 600 
to 700 lbs. per hog at 14 to 17 months of age: faces 
short and wide between the eyes; ears thin and pend- 
ant or wilted, and covered with fine, silky hair; tails 
large at base and tapering finely to the end; hair 
moderately fine without bristles, and of medium bright 
red color without markings. 

Standard of the Duroc- Jersey Swine As- 
sociation. 

A Duroc-Jersey should be moderately long, quite 
deep-bodied, not round, but broad on the back, hold- 
ing the width well out to the hips and hams, the 
head should be small in proportion to the body ; the 
face slightly dished, nose rather short ; ears medium 
in size, pendant, and falling toward the eyes, and 
must not be erect. The neck should be short, deep 
and thick. The legs short, wide apart and well set 
under the body. Bone of medium fineness, arm 
large, and flank well down. The hams should be 
broad and full, and well down to the hock. Tail 
large at its base, and tapering to its extremity. 
There should be a good coat of hair of medium fine- 
ness, usually straight, but in some cases wavy, with 

14 



few, if any bristles at the top of the neck and shoul- 
dei-s. The color should be red ; varying from dark, 
glossy cherry, to light or yellowish red. An occa- 
sional fleck of black (usually on the belly and legs) 
is admissible, but cherry red without black, is pre- 
ferred. In disposition mild and gentle. Pigs at nine 
months of age should dress 250 to 300 pounds, and 
when fully matured, from 400 to 700 pounds. 

CHESHIRE SWINE. 




The Cheshire was originated over thirty years ago 
in Jefferson County, New York, by D. J. Clark. It 
was a cross between the English Cheshire and York- 
shire, both imported animals. By carefully selecting 
and carefully breeding, a valuable breed has been es- 
tablished. They are white in color, very quiet and 
docile, a fast grower, reaching the weight of 350 
pounds at eight months when well fed. They are 
very prolific, excellent mothers, and will breed in a 
more fleshy condition than any other breed. They 
have been bred so thorough that a sow of any other 
breed, such as Poland-China, Berkshire, Essex or 
Jersey Ked, when crossed with a Cheshire boar will 
invariably have a pure white brood. Messrs. Clark 
& Green exhibited some Cheshire at St. Louis, in 
1870, where they were awarded the Pork-packers' 
prize of $500. There was a register started for this 
breed in 1883, and the following standard was adopted: 
Head, short to medium, short in proportion to length 
of body; face, somewhat disheda nd wide between the 
eyes; ears small, fine, erect, not foxy, and in old ani- 
mals, slightly pointing forward ; neck, short ; shoul- 
ders full, and hips broad ; body, long, broad and deep ; 
hams, broad, nearly straight with back and running 
well down toward the hock ; tail, small and thin ; 

15 



legs, small and slim, set well apart and supporting 
body well on the toes ; hair, medium in thickness, and 
fine; color, white; size, medium ; when well grown 
and fattened will dress from 550 to 700 pounds ; will 
do well on grass. The Live-Stock Journal of Chi- 
cago, says they are the best of the white hogs, having 
a thin rind and solid meat ; are not so liable to mange 
and other skin diseases as other w^hite hogs. 

THE CHBSTEK WHITE. 




The Chester White breed originated in Chester 
county, Pennsylvania, and is supposed to have been 
produced by a cross of the Bedford upon the common 
stock of the county, the first pair of Bedfords being 
imported from Bedfordshire, England, in 1818, by 
Capt. James Jeffries. By careful selection and judi- 
cious crossing for a number of years, the Chestet 
county farmers have produced the present valuable^ 
well-formed, good-sized, easily-fattened hog, whicL. 
transmits its qualities as uniformly as other well 
recognized breeds. The general ^description of this 
breed is as follows : 

Head. — Short and broad between the eyes. 

Eaes. — Thin, projecting forward, and drooping. 

Neck. — Short and thick. 

JowjL. — Large. 

Body. — Lengthy and deep. 

Legs. — Short and well set under; fitted forbearing 
heavy weight. 

Hair.— White and generally straight, although it 
is sometimes wavy ; no bristles. 

Tail.— Small. ' 

They are docile, prolific breeders, good nurses, and 
of good constitution. 

16 



*'NIP" AND " TUCK." 

At the Wichita, Kansas, Faiy, the Treasurer of the 
Association, Mr. R. E. Lawrence, exhibited two fat 
pigs which had been fed with a view to determine 
which one did the best. The feeding experiment 
.lasted sixty days, the pigs being weighed August 4th 
alt the commencement of the experiment, and again 
October 1st at close of same. One of these pigs was 
a Poland-China, bred by J . C. Hyde, which weighed 
at the beginning of the experiment 96 lbs., and at 
the end 176 lbs., it having been fed 57 days and made 
a gain during that time of 82 lbs., consuming in the 
mean time 3 lbs. of feed to 1 lb. of flesh made. The 
other pig was a Berkshire, bred by D. L. Miller, 
which weighed at the beginning of the experiment 
81|^ lbs,, and at the end 164 lbs., being fed 57 days 
and gaining 82| lbs., and consuming 3.18 lbs. of feed 
to 1 lb. of flesh made. It will be seen that the Berk- 
shire gained in 57 days three-quarters of a pound 
more than the Poland-China. 

BREEDING. 

Select a sow from a large even litter, one of good 
length, large development of hind quarters, short, 
broad face, drooping or wilted ears, covered with fine 
silky hair, good broad back, with a slight inclination 
to roach, and prefer having her one year old when 
her first litter is dropped, although fine litters can be 
had from younger ones. Sixteen weeks before you 
wish the litter farrowed mate her with a broad faced, 
heavy, compactly -built boar of great vigor, on short, 
symmetrical legs — aiming to have him combine all 
the desirable points of an extra feeding hog. One 
service is amply sufficient. The sow is now given 
liberal treatment, and furnished as great a variety of 
food as your resources will admit of — such as slops 
made of bran or middlings, in addition to a small 
allowance of corn, with clover, hay and roots, and 
abundant exercise in winter, or a run to clover in 
summer, when corn is omitted. Ten days before 
she is to farrow, in cold weather, quietly separate 
her from the herd, and give her good, comfortable 
private quarters, with a moderate amount of dry cut 
wheat straw for bedding, in a shed with warm south- 
2 ^ 17 



ern exposure. Now feed with a view to keep her 
system loose and open— thus avoiding a feverish and 
restless condition in farrowing — reducing the quan- 
tity gradually a short time before farrowing, in 
which you will find but very little risk when the 
proper precautions have been taken to secure the 
above conditions beforehand. As a rule, it seldom 
pays to disturb them while farrowing, unless the 
weather proves very inclement, when it is best to cover 
the mother with a blanket, and remove the pigs as fast 
as delivered to the fire, and feed a little sweetened 
milk with a few drops of whisky added, until aM are 
farrowed and dry ; then return them quietly to the 
nest; they then seldom need any further care or at- 
tention save what the mother gives them. Give the 
sow a little aired water and clover only for the first 
twenty-four hours, then a little thin slops, made of 
ground oats and bran, with a few roots, which allow- 
ance should be increased daily, until at the end of 
one week she has all she will eat with avidity, 
coupled with a run to grass (clover preferred) when 
ever practicable, daily — leaving the pigs in the end 
meanwhile, .where they may be treated to an allow- 
ance of sweet milk and a little meal until three weeks 
old, when they should have a corner divided off in- 
accessible to the sow, where they should regularly be 
fed milk or other rich slops and soaked corn. Any 
tendency to scour may be checked by changing the 
sow's feed, and lessening the quantity of theirs. Fed 
thus carefully they readily weigh from 50 to 65 lbs. 
each when eight weeks old, when they should be 
gradually weaned in from three to five days, and 
then get their entire sustenance from the trough; 
and the sow, if proven a satisfactory breeder, returned 
to the hog for another litter. 

Again, swine of various ages and conditions should 
never be herded and fed together, as is too often the 
case, but should be divided according to age and 
condition, or else furnished with feeding apartments 
so constructed as to admit of the younger and weaker 
ones having access to troughs that can not be reached 
by the more robust ones; these latter can take ample 
care of themselves at a trough common to all. By ob- 
serving these generalhints, coupled with each feeder's 

18 



own experience and observation, put into practice, 
and a due regard to the securing of suitable annual 
crosses of fresh and vigorous blood into his herd, 
which will constantly improve and secure to him a 
fair percentage of profit at even the late low prices of 
pork ; while he who has followed the almost universal 
practice of neglecting his stock in times of depression 
and allowing both quality and numbers to depreciate, 
will undoubtedly now have ample time and cause to 
bemoan his misfortune in having his pens depleted 
of stock at a time when he should be prepared, like 
his more shrewd and far-sighted neighbor, with well- 
filled pens of No. 1 stock, to take advantage of the 
reaction in prices already commenced, and which 
promise continued growth for some time to come. 

Most Desirable Time for Pigs to Come. 

The most desirable time to have pigs come is in the 
months of March or April and in the fall months of 
September and October. Pigs coming in March escape 
the most stormy season, and if of an early maturing 
breed may be killed at nine to eleven months old, 
saving their owners the expense of wintering and 
keeping until the next spring. Such pigs, if well 
bred, should weigh from 175 to 225 pounds net. 

Pigs coming in September or October are strong 
enough when the winter sets in to stand tempestuous 
weather, if properly cared for, and may be slaughtered 
in the November or December o^ the following year, 
and may be estimated to weigh at that time from 300 
to 350 pounds. 

Feeding and Fattening Economically. 

Swine, true to their natural instincts, will ramble, 
and the habit can not be eradicated. Exercise to them 
is a necessity. The most successful breeders of the 
United States give their hogs a large range of pasture 
at all times during mild weather, and haul and scat- 
ter over the ground during the fattening season a 
supply of corn and vegetables, taking care never to 
feed more than once in the same spot. They claim 
that the hogs fatten a'fe rapidly as when confined in 
pens, and by the use of regular preventives do not so 
readily fall victims to disease. In the winter time 

19 



sysnoma nave sneiter provided against inclement 
weather, and ready access to pasturage. 

They will fatten better in mild weather or in com- 
fortable winter quarters than when exposed to sudden 
changes of weather without shelter. 

The object of feeding swine is not to see how much 
food can be disposed of, but to produce and maintain, 
at the least possible expense, an animal for convert- 
ing grain and grasses into merchantable pork, lard 
and bone, at the same time preserving and improving 
the general health of these money-making machines, 
so that they may reproduce their species in form and 
quality as good as, if not better than, themselves. 

In feeding stock for market it is highly necessary 
to observe the rule of nature that the preservation of 
life depends upon maintaining normal heat. Every 
effort must be directed to this end. This accom- 
plished, the fattening will usually result as night fol- 
lows day. Growth is the consequence of the food 
given or taken in excess of that necessary to sustaiii 
the proper temperature. Let, however, the normal 
temperature be changed several degrees and continue 
for any great length of time and death will certainly 
follow. 

Now, farmers do not usually raise pork for the 
"fun of the thing," but because they can obtain a 
greater price for their corn and vegetables in the 
shape of pork than in their cereal form. Therefore, 
the economical use of the grain and grasses used for 
food is a vital question to the farmer and feeder. 

An authority on live stock once observed: "It is 
expensive to attempt to keep animals warm while 
exposed to wintry blasts: in other words, to ivarvi the 
winter air by means of fuel fed to the animals." 

The sum of the whole matter then is: What amount 
of grain can be saved by properly sheltering swine in 
wintry and inclement weather? It is a well-known 
fact that all animals eat more food in winter than in 
the mild season, and that food which is of a heat pro- 
ducing nature. Now, it is self-evident that if hogs 
exposed to a temperature of 20° above zero are com- 
pelled (to sustain life) to each eat five pounds of corn 
daily, and hogs sheltered where the temperature is 
60° above zero each eat but Z\ pounds per day to 

20 



supply inat necessary lo me, uien ni« uegieui lu piup- 
erly shelter and w^arai the sheltering places is a loss 
of If pounds of corn per day in the effort to sustain 
life, or an actual loss of 1^^^ cents per day (at 50 cents 
per bushel) each hog, equal to the loss of one bushel 
per month per hog, or 10 pounds of pork per month 
each hog. The farmer or feeder can multiply for 
himself the loss according to the number he owns. 
Besides loss of grain or pork (for one represents the 
other in this case) insufficient shelter retards fatten- 
ing and increases labor in caring for the swine, and 
what is still more disastrous, they are carried^ off by 
lung and throat diseases, which are generally incura- 
ble, because the symptoms do not discover themselves 
until too late for remedies to be applied with success. 
In-bred hogs more easily fall victims to diseases occa- 
sioned by exposure to inclement v/eather than do 
those which are bred upon the principles followed by 
successful breeders. 

The following table will illustrate the foregoing 
remarks, and is based upon the theory, that with the 
air at an average temperature of 70° above zero a 
hog weighing 200 pounds will require three pounds 
per day of corn, or its equivalent in other food, to 
maintain its weight and condition : 

CORN OR ITS EQUIVALENT NECESSARY EACH DAY TO 
SUSTAIN HOG LIFE. 



Drgbee of Temper- 
ature. 





o 


u~< 


^ I. 




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oi a—. 




<o 


r^ r- 


2"-^ 


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S [2 M 


3 O 


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oo 


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(^ 


r- 



o aj © ca 






Sao 
s-< o 

ra 3 o 

o H a> 
t-1 



-10" 
Zero 
10° . 
20" . 
30° . 
40° . 
50° . 
60° . 

ro° . 

80° . 
90° . 
100° 



7% 

^% 
5 

3 

2% 
2}Z 

234 



6% cts. 
5% cts. 
4';4 cts. 
i% cts. 
4 cts. 
3>4 cts. 
3 cts. 
2% cts. 
2% cts. 
2>|cts. 
2% cts. 
2 cts. 



3% cts. 
2% cts. 
1% cts. 
IM cts. 
1 ct. 
3^ct. 



$1123^ 
75 

52>^ 
37^ 
30 
15 



21 



From the above table it can be easily ascertained 
what it costs in food to supply the heat necessary to 
sustain animal life at any temperature. All food 
fed beyond the above goes to forming fat, and by the 
use of the above table, and a previous weighing of 
each hog, the feeder can estimate the condition of his 
hog crop. 

Comparative Value of Foods as Plesh- 
Eormers and Pat-Pormers. 

• It is ns necessary to the business of the successful 
feeder and breeder to know what to feed as much as 
it is how to feed. Healthy and profitable hogs to 
become such must be built up liEe a house is on a 
foundation strong enough to sustain the layers of 
material put upon it. You can build fat upon bone 
and muscle, but can not put bone and muscle upon 
fat. The best and strongest houses are those in 
which tlie bricks are bonded in alternate layers of 
lengthwise and endwise. The best pork and the 
healthiest hogs are those which have a reasonable 
amount of lean and are not overwhelmingly fat. 
The major portion of the pork raised in the United 
States is exported to countries where fat meat is pre- 
ferred. The use of pork in American families is not 
as large as it was years ago, according to the ratio of 
population, and the reason is easily found in the fact 
that too much attention has been paid to raising hogs 
for their fat and lard for the foreign market, and 
consequent neglect of the domestic preference for 
pork of a more meaty nature. 

The raising of meaty hogs, or hogB whose propor- 
tion of fat Avill correspond with the lean, can be car- 
ried on with returns as profitable as the raising of 
fattened hogs, and the market for them can be 
reached without shipping to a distance of hundreds 
of miles. 

On the other hand, if the reader prefers to raise fat 
hogs, the following tables will advise him which is 
the best food wherewith to build up the fat. If he 
carries out this preference, let him however not neg- 
lect to first lay a good foundation of bone and sinew, 
the food for which is also indicated on next page. 

22 



J 



FLESH AND FAT FOKMEKS. 



1. Roots axp Tubers. 





to 






1-, 






o 


CO 




a 








a 




f^ 


t-. 


o 


'H 


p^ 


+J 






d 


o 




^ 


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S^ 



S3 



Potato 

Carrot 

Parsnip 

Jerusalem Artichoke .... 
Long Red Mangolds .... 
Short Red Mangolds . . . . 
Orunge Globe Mangolds . . 

Silesian Mangolds 

White Turnips 

Swedish Turnips 

2. Cereals and Leg^umixous 
Seeds. 



Wheat ... 

Corn 

Rye 

Barley 

Oats . . . . . 
Buckwheat . . 

Peas 

Beans, field . . 
Beans, kidney 



Per 


Per 


Per 


Cent. 


Cent. 


Cent. 


75.2 


1.4 


18:9 


87.5 


0.6 


6.6 


82.1 


1.2 


7.0 


76.0 


1.0 


18.8 


85.2 


0.5 


9.8 


84.7 


0.4 


12.0 


86.5 


0.4 


10.2 


82.0 


0.9 


13.6 


90.1 


1.0 


4.0 


87.1 


1.3 


5.3 


14.3 


14.7 


66.4 


15.0 


11.0 


66.7 


13 


14.3 


55.8 


13.9 


13.0 


52.0 


14.0 


18.0 


51.1 


14.0 


9.0 


52.1 


14.2 


23.1 


41.9 


14.9 


24.0 


39.7 


15.0 


23.9 


39.3 



Cent 



Per 

Cent. 



3.4 

5.3 
14.8 
16,9 
14.7 
23.3 
18.5 
18.2 
18.3 



0.9 
1.0 
1.0 
1.5 

4.5 
3,8 
2:9 
k 3.1 
0.9 
1.0 



1.2 

2.0 
2.0 
4.2 
2.2 
1.6 

2.a 
3.2 
3.5 



By reference to the preceding table and a recollec- 
tion of the constituents of the body of the hog, every 
breeder and feeder of hogs cau form a plan of profit- 
able and economical feeding 

The constituent parts of the body of the hog are 
approximately as follows: 

Water 36.00 

Fat . 48.00 

Ash 2.50 

Proteine 13.50 

Total 100.00 

The comparative table above, showing that the 
Jerusalem artichoke and potatoes contain about 75 

23 



per cent, water, demonstrates that swine which are 
fed those articles require less water than when fed 
with corn, peas, oats and similar food ; and when fed 
cereal or leguminous food require a plentiful supply 
of pure water to keep up the supply of water in the 
system. The tables show that corn and wheat are the 
best fat formers, and peas and beans the best flesh 
formers ; that buckwheat, peas and beans give the most 
heat, and wheat, corn, turnips and potatoes the least. 
They also demonstrate that the roots and tubers are 
the best food to be given when cooling foods are a 
medical necessity. The inference is that roots and 
tubers and peas and beans are the best summer foods 
and the cereals the best foods for fall, winter and 
spring, or for fattening purposes. 

COMPARATIVE DIFFEBENCE AS TO 

THE VALUE OP FEED FOR STOCK. 

Careful experiments in France and this country 
show the following relative values of the different 
kinds of feed for stock : 

ONE HUNBRED POUNDS OF GOOD HAY EQUAL TO 

Lbs. Lbs. 

Green Corn 275 Rye 54 

Rye Straw 442 Wheat 46 

Wheat Straw 360 Oats 59 

Oat Straw 164 Peas and Beans mixed. . 45 

Barley Straw 180 Buckwheat 64 

Pea Straw 153 Corn 57 

Buckwheat Straw .... 200 Acorns 68 

Raw Potatoes 201 Wheat Bran 105 

Boiled Potatoes 175 Rye Bran 109 

Mangel-Wurzels 339 Wheat, Pea and Oat Chaff 167 

Turnips 504 Rye and Barley mixed . . 179 

NUTRITION IN FOOD. 

The following is " Boussingault's Scale of Nutritive 
Equivalents," and shows how many parts of the va- 
rious articles of food in common use it takes to be 
equal in nutrition to 100 parts of wheat flour: 

Wheat flour 100 Rye Ill 

Wheat 107 Rice 177 

Barley meal 119 Buckwheat 108 

Barley 130 Maize 130 

White haricots 56 Horse beans 44 

Lentils 57 Peas 67 

White garden cabbage . .810 Potatoes 313 

Dried garden cab. at212° . 83 Carrots 777 

Oats 117 Turnips 1335 

24 



VALUE OF POOD FOR DOMESTIC 

ANIMALS. 

These figures give the number of pounds of any 

one substance to be equal to the quantity given of 

any other — the result of experiments : 

Pounds. 

Good Hay 100 

Good Clover Hay .... 95 



Pounds. 

Peas 44 

Beans 46 

Rye 49^ 

Barley 51 

Indian Corn 5& 

Oats 5^ 

Buckwheat 64 

Oil Cake 64 



Rye Straw 365 

Oat Straw 220 

Potatoes 95 

Carrots 280 

Beets 346 

Ruta Bagas 262 

Wheat 43 

Artichokes as Hog Food. 

From 1,000 to 1,500 bushels an acre may be raised 
with same labor and expense as an acre of potatoes. 
Planted four square feet to a hill they will yield 
about 900 bushels per acre. 

If cut green the stalks make excellent green fodder 
for stock, but swine will eat the dry stalks. Cutting 
the stalks green reduces the crop of tubers about one- 
third. 

The (Stalks can be used v.s fuel, and also as a litter 
for hog pens, when they make an excellent manure. 

They cost little or nothing to raise, and the yield 
is not less than three times that of potatoes and may 
become equal to turnips at one-tenth the cost of cul- 
tivation. 

As will be noted in foregoing tables they excel all 
other roots and tubers in fattening qualities. 

They can be raised on any dry soil, and since tile- 
ditching is becoming universal, there is hardly a, 
farmer in the United States who can offer an excuse 
for not raising them. 

They cost less trouble than any other root crop to 
harvest and store. Freezing does not injure them^ 
but all that are required for winter use should be dug. 
before the ground is frozen, and they may be safely 
stored as potatoes are, in pits or heaps. They can be 
thawed after freezing before feeding, or may be pre- 
served in sand. They are insect proof. Hogs thrive 
upon them as well as on corn, and some breeders 
maintain that stock hogs thrive better. The fact^ 

25 



however, is well established that it is a food that is 
inexpensive and suitable for use in resting the diges- 
tive organs. 

MONEY IN PIGS. 

[Breeders' Journal.] 
Did you ever sell any corn ? If so, there is a cer- 
tainty that you do not carry as much stock on your 
farm as it will feed. The way to grow corn is to 
manure the ground. A heavy coating of manure is 
a weather breeder for the corn, that is, the weather is 
A^ery likely to be favorable to a good corn crop, if the 
ground is well manured and the seed of an early 
sort. Manure will not keep away frost, but it will 
crowd corn ahead so it will be put out of the way of 
frost. Manure can not be made on a farm without 
stock. 'Corn can be sold at a much larger price after 
made into pork than in the ear or bag. Not only 
the price obtained per pound for the pork made by 
the corn, but also the summer's growth of the pig can 
be figured as returns from the corn. If it was not 
for the corn it takes to ripen the hog, the price for 
the summer's growth upon the hog could not be 
obtained. Now is the time to provide a market for 
the next year's surplus corn crop. To do this, six or 
eight sows should now be selected ; they do not need 
to be the best, or fat ; they will make better breeders 
if they are not fat. The quality of them does not 
need to be the best; the best quality can be got in 
the boar, and he must be of the best sort; short legged, 
good back, full hams, short neck, short nose, thorough- 
bred ; if the boar is first-class, the pigs will be like 
him if he is a thoroughbred hog. If the eight sows 
are all bred to this boar in January, the pigs will 
come in May on grass. A hog pasture (clover is the 
best) should be prepared as soon as grass starts in the 
spring. The breeding sows provided with rings in 
their noses and put in here, being careful to make 
the fence pig proof, or in other words, so the little 
pigs can not get out; three fence boards at the bot- 
tom and two barbed wires above them, will make a 
safe fence. The little pigs should be littered in this 
field. A larger per cent, will be raised and saved by 
the sows this way than bv any other. A reasonable 

"26 



estimate for these sows will be six pigs each, this 
makes forty-eight pigs. The pasture for these should 
be ten acres, wortli a rent of $3 per acre, total, $30. 
What slop and milk can be spared should be mixed 
with ground corn and fed these pigs next summer, 
feeding them about one bushel each by October first, 
making them get most of their living off the grass. 
The pigs will then weigh 100 pounds each ; put on to 
corn, then it will take one bushel of corn to make 
ten pounds of pork. After feeding ten bushels of 
corn each they should weigh 200 pounds each. 

These 200 pounds of pork have cost eleven bushels 
of corn, and sixty cents eacli for pasture. If they are 
sold for five cents a pound, (there were times last fall 
when they would have sold for six cents) tliey would 
bring $10 a head ; taking out their pasture tliey 
would realize $9.40 per head, for the eleven bushels 
of corn, or 85. j cents per bushel. The next 100 
pounds of pork would cost ten bushels of corn, and 
would realize at least fifty cents per bushel, which is 
a profit of at least ten cents a bushel over the present 
price of corn. 

It is not a diflicult matter to raise pigs if they come 
in spring on grass. And it will be found more profit- 
able to raise one litter of pigs a year and have others 
come iu May. The sows can be put up and fed a full 
feed as soon as the pigs are weaned, and as they have 
flesh enough, sold. It is wonderful how much flesh 
a thin brood sow will put on as soon as her milk is 
-dried up. And what a light expense for feed — if she 
is of the right breed. The sows tiiat are to be bred the 
following year should be picked out from the young 
pigs, when the feeding for market commences, and 
put them by themselves growing but not fattened, 
and bred the following January, but to a new boar 
no relation to them. The boar after being used can 
be altered and fattened. In this manner of doing, 
there is only one sized^lot of hogs for sale at a time. 
The brood sows are fattened and sold at one time, 
and the May pigs are all of a size and fattened and 
sold by themselves. The most profit can thus be got 
out of the hogs by having a system in their hand- 
ling. ^ 

27 » 



CASTRATION. 

Male pigs are usually castrated at from two to six 
weeks of age. This operation improves the quality 
of the flesh and promotes the propensity to fatten. 

The following is the simplest method of perform- 
ing the 

OPERATION. 

The pig is laid on his left side and held by an as- 
sistant. The operator, standing at the back, grasps 
one testicle between the thumb and fingers of his left 
hand, and with a sharp knife makes a longitudinal 
incision in the bag large enough to press the testicle 
out through, when he grasps it with the left hand, 
and, by a backward scraping motion of the knife, 
severs the cord. The other testicle is then removed 
in the same way. 

No further attention is necessary. 
^ In castrating an old boar it might be well to tie a 
ligature around the spermatic cord just above the 
place it is to be cut across, so as to prevent any dan- 
ger of bleeding. Let one end of the ligature be long 
enough to hang out, so that in sloughing off it will 
come away. 

SPAYING. 

Spaying is the operation of castrating females ot 
any species of animals, for the purpose of increasing 
their size, hastening their maturity and causing them 
to fatten easier. 

OPERATION. 

The sow is placed on the left side, and an opening 
made through the right flank at a point a little be- 
low and a little back of the center of the flank. After 
making the incision, the ovaries may be felt by the 
operator, who, being placed at the back of the sow, 
introduces the front finger of the right hand. The 
right ovary will be felt a little down or inclining 
back of the incision, if made exactly in the proper 
place. If not, it must be searched for in other direc- 
tions. When found, it is drawn out and cut off". 
The other -is then found and drawn out and cut off. 
The whole or a portion of the womb may be drawn 
out in searching for the second ovary, but may be re- 



turned with very little difficulty or danger, and the 
aperture stitched up with a curved needle. 

For a few days after castration or spaying the ani- 
mals should receive some extra care. Their food 
should be of a cooling character, they should be 
kept quiet, and in situations where they will not 
catch cold, and thereby produce inflammation. A 
little lard rubbed over the wound will assist the 
healing. 

Sows should be spayed when from five to eight 
weeks old; it is not advisable to delay it until the 
sow has obtained frame. Cool weather in the spring 
or fall is the best time for either castration or spay- 
ing. 

HOG LICE. 

The hog afflicted with lice continually rubs and 
scratches himself, and wallows in the mire and din. 
Wallowing in the dirt is not as healthy a practice as. 
is generally believed, and will produce malaria as 
readily as decayed vegetation. There are various 
remedies for this trouble. One is to take about half 
a pint of coal oil and mix it thoroughly in a bucket- 
full of water, and thoroughly paint the animal with 
the solution; or wash the animal with a medium 
strong lye from wood ashes ; or a weak saleratus 
water, and then with a solution of lobelia. A com- 
mon remedy is to boil tobacco in sufficient water to 
float it until the water is tobacco color, and while 
hot mix in lard enough to make a thin ointment; 
then, when cool, rub the animal thoroughly once, and 
the vermin will be speedily destroyed. 

WHAT WILL PREVENT SOWS EAT- 
ING PIGS. 

Young sows will sometimes eat their offsprings 
from costiveness, which may be prevented by feed- 
ing some laxative food and rubbing the back of the 
pigs with an infusion of aloes. A breeder says the 
best means of prevention is to regulate the sows with 
Haas' Remedy and their appetites will remain normal 
and their habits regular, and feed them with bran- 
mash and potatoes or other cooRng food. 

J22_ 



IMPROVEMENT OF PIGS. 

Give the pigs a chance, and do not expect them to 
root for their living through the summer and then 
fatten out into fine big hogs in the fall, which is one 
of the impossibilities. Continuous growth is neces- 
sary to make swine profitable, and this can not be 
obtained without plenty of feed. A little grain each 
day with good pasture will answer all the purposes 
and insure the pigs making a very rapid growth, and 
to insure them reaching full maturity, see that they get 
their full proportion of Haas' Hog and Poultry 
Remedy. 

LOSSES OF STOCK. 

Prof. J. W. Sanborn, of the Missouri State Agri- 
cultural College, and also Secretary of the State 
Board of Agriculture, estimates the losses of stock in 
that State during the last winter, from disease and 
exposure, at not less than four millions of dollars. 
The principal loss by diseases has been from cholera 
in hogs and from exposure from want of proper 
shelter. If these hogs had been treated with Haas* 
Remedies as a preventive, there is not the slightest 
doubt the farmers of Missouri would have saved the 
majority of those that fell victims to the disease. — 
Exchange. 

Gross Error in Permitting Hogs to Eat the 
Carcasses of Other Hogs. 

The hog is not a meat-eating animal, and if it were 
it stands to reason that diseased meat, especially of 
its own kind, would not be the healthiest food. 

Many persons, through ignorance, permit their 
swine to eat the carcasses of their kind which have 
died from disease. These persons, however, are only 
partially to blame, because they have been instructed 
by quack veterinarians that if hogs eat the flesh of 
swine who .were affected with disease they would 
thereby be protected from contagion. 

If swine disease can be communicated by drinking 
from a stream down which dead hogs have floated, 
how much more readily will swine contract diseases 
if they eat the carcasses of their kind who have per- 

30 



ished from contagious diseases? The least harm that 
can be done ■will be to impair the digestive organs 
and render the flesh-eating hog an easier victim to 
malaria. Further, may we not reasonably suggest 
the presence of trichinae spiralis in the hog to the 
eating of flesh containing these parasites. 

RELATIVE VALUE OP MANURES. 

The following table shows the relative values of 
decomposed vegetables as manures from the nitrogen 
they contain : 

100 POUNDS OF BARN- YARD MANURE IS EQUAL TO 

Lbs. Lbs. 

Wheat straw manure . . 130 Fresh sea-weed manure . 80 

Oat straw manure .... 150 Dried sea-weed manure . 20 

Barley straw manure . .180 Wheator corn bran man . 26 

B'kwheat straw manure . 85 Malt dust manure .... 13 

Pea straw manure .... 45 Rape cake manure . ... 8 

AVheat eliaJSf manure . . . 50 Pine sawdust manure . .250 

Green grass manure ... 80 Oak sawdust manure . . 180 

Potato tops manure ... 75 Coal soot manure .... 25 

TO COMPUTE THE WEIGHT OP HOGS. 

1. Measure the girth in inches back of the shoul- 
der, and the length in inches from the square of the 
buttock to a point even with the point of the shoul- 
der blade. 

2, Multiply the girth by the length and divide 
the product by 144 for the superficial feet, and then 
multiply the superficial by 11, if the girth is less 
than 3 feet, or by 16 if over 3 feet, and the result 
will be the number of pounds of pork in the four 
quarters of the animal. 

Example : What is the estimated weight of pork 
in a hog whose girth is 3 ft. 8 in. and length 3 ft. 10 
in.? 

Operation : 44 ins. girth X 46 ins. length = 2024 ; 
2024--144^14 pq. ft. X 16=224 lbs. Ans. 
* Note — If the animal is lean and unthrifty, a de- 
duction of five per cent, should be made from the 
above result. 

Hogs Profitable as Manure Producers. 

One hog, kept to the age of one year, if furnished 
with suitable material, will convert a cart-load per 
month into a fertilizer which will produce a good crop 
of corn. 

31 



A reliable authority estimates that twelve loads 
per year multiplied by the number of hogs usually 
kept by our farmiers would make fertilizing substance 
sufficient to grow all the corn they eat ; in other 
words, the hog will pay for its keeping in manure. 

Farmers who carry out such economies as this can 
laugh at low prices for hogs, and never quit laughing 
when prices are high. 

DISEASES OF SWINE. 

Swine diseases have cost the farmers and feeders of 
the United States, during the past few years, money 
sufficient to have paid off the mortgages on their 
lands. 

Investigations have been made into the causes, 
and the majority of opinions hold that the prime 
cause is malaria indigenous to the soil on which the 
hogs are raised. The disease may present itself in 
the form of coughing and thumping, lameness, star- 
ing hair, constipation, scouring, black or sheep drop- 
pings, scurviness, watering eyes and inflamed eyes, 
sniffling, gauntness and unthriftines, sluggishness, 
with disposition to keep the nest and to shun the 
light, excessive thirst or loss of appetite. 

As with the human family, malaria in the hog ia 
insidious in its approach; does not develop to the 
eyes until it has obtained a lodgment, and demands 
prompt measures to eradicate from the system. 

The cause being found it is the duty of every 
farmer and feeder to use the best means to prevent 
and arrest disease in the hogs he raises, be they ievf 
or many. 

It is a duty owing to himself and to society to 
raise healthy meat, knowing, as he should, that un- 
healthy animals can not become healthy food simply 
by the process of death. 

SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE. * 

"The external symptoms are a dullness of the eyes, 
the lids of which are kept nearer closed than in 
health, with an accumulation of secretion in the 
corners. There is hanging of the head, with lopped 
ears, and an inclination to hide in the litter and to 
lie on the belly and keep quiet. As the disease ad- 

32 



vances, the animal manifests more or less thirst, some 
cough, and a pink blush, or rose-colored spots, and 
papular eruption appears on the skin, particularly 
on the belly, inside of the thighs and forelegs, and 
about the ears. There is accelerated respiration and 
circulation, increased action of the flanks in breath- 
ing, tucked-up abdomen, arched back, swelling of 
the vulva in the female as in heat; occasionally, also, 
of the sheath of the male, loss of appetite, and tender- 
ness of the abdomen, sometimes persistent diarrhea, 
but generally obstinate constipation. In some cases 
large abraded spots are observed at the projecting 
points of the body, caused by separation and loss of 
the epidermis. In such cases a slight blow or friction 
on the skin is sufficient to produce such abrasions.. 
In many cases the eruption, blush and spots are en- 
tirely absent; petechia are formed in only about 
one-third of the cases. In some cases there is con- 
siderable inflammation of and discharge from the 
eyes. Some animals emit a very ofiensive odor even 
before death. In large herds, where the disease pre- 
vails extensively, thie offensive effluvia can be de- 
tected for a great distance to the windward. In 
nearly all cases there is a weakness or partial par- 
alysis of the posterior extremities, and occasionally 
this paralysis is so complete in the first stages of the 
disease as to prevent walking or standing. 

*'A8 symptoms of special diagnostic value, which 
are scarcely ever absent in any case, the following are 
mentioned : Drooping of the ears and of the head, 
more or less coughing, dull look of the eyes, staring 
appearance of the coat of hair, partial or total want 
of appetite for food, vitiated appetite for excrements,, 
rapid emaciation, great debility, weak and undecided 
and frequently staggering gait, great indifference to 
surroundings, tendency to lie down in a dark corner, 
and to hide the nose and even the whole head in the 
bedding, the specific offensive smell and the peculiar 
color of the excrements. 

"If the animals are inclined to be costive, the faeces 
are generally grayish or brownish black in color and 
hard ; if diarrhea is present, they are semi-fluid of a 
grayish-green color, and in some cases contain an ad- 
mixture of blood." • 
3 33 



The disease is often conveyed from the pens or 
herds of neighbors, or from running water which 
comes through the premises of those who have the 
disease, or even through the air from adjacent farms. 
Too great care can not be taken by any one whose 
herd has it, that it be not transmitted. Hogs turned 
out to pasture, especially before or after it is wet with 
dew or mild rains, seem to get it because the wafted 
material is more apt to alight and remain amid 
moisture. There are some remarkable examples of 
exemptions to herds whose owners have been skilled 
and consistent and exact in their precautions. Where 
a neighbor's herd is affected, in the opinion of most 
authorities, it is wise to treat adjacent herds with 
preventive measures and fortify their constitutions 
with invigorating and stimulating tonics. 

BULES FOR TREATING DISEASES OP 

SWINE. 

THE DON'tS. 

1. DonH try to prevent disease by permitting the 
apparently well animals to eat of the carcasses of 
those which have died from the disease you seek to 
prevent spreading. 

2. DonH, because they cost a few cents, dose your 
hogs with poisons like arsenic, copperas, saltpetre, 
hellebore, henbane, stramonium, antimony, bella- 
donna, aconite, foxglove, strychnine, hemlock and car- 
bolic acid. These poisons may be given in special 
cases by competent veterinary surgeons who know 
when and how to administer them ; but in the hands 
of the unprofessional and fed indiscriminately they 
are deadly in their effect. Further, as traces of them 
have been found in pork direct from the butcher, it is 
evident they are detrimental to the life of the people . 
who unconsciously partake of the products oi hogs 
dosed with these poisons. 

3. DonH wait until disease is on every side of your 
farm before you institute preventive measures. 

4. DonH wait until your hogs are attacked and I 
some of them die before you procure remedies for 
those sick and preventives for those that are appar- 
ently well. 

U 



5. Don't expect that the treatment given to the 
sick swine is going to prevent disease in those in 
whoAi it has not outwardly developed, and for whom 
no preventive measure are adopted. In other words, 
don't expect the medicine given only to sick hogs 
will prevent disease in hogs that don't get the medi- 
cine. 

'6. Don't, when directed to give certain quantities 
of remedies, try to save money by dividing the dose 
for one hog among five or ten of them. This method 
of deceit assuredly will be found out by the man you 
are injuring, and he won't thank you for your '^penny- 
wise-and-pound-foolish " economy. The man you 
deceive most is yourself. 

7. Don't stigmatize a remedy as " worthless" be- 
cause it fails to save the hogs who were in the final 
stage of disease before it was given to them ; or be- 
cause it did not prevent disease in hogs to whom you 
did not feed it until they showed symptoms of dis- 
ease; or when fed to hogs you might have saved you 
gave it in irregular and insufficient doses. You do 
not expect to raise fifty bushels of corn from an acre 
of ground when you plant only ten seeds to an acre, 
nor should you expect to cure or prevent swine dis- 
ease with one-tenth the amount of remedy prescribed. 

8. Don't expect a remedy prepared for the preven- 
tion of swine diseases to prevent hogs dying from the 
poisonous effects of arsenic, antimony, strychnine, 
and improper doses of carbolic acid. You might, 
with just as good reason, expect quinine to reset a 
broken limb, or sow wheat and look for a crop of 
corn. 

9. Don't purchase remedies which are prepared 
by any other than regularly graduated veterinary 
surgeons; or are imitations or substitutes for well- 
known remedies; or are stated to be ^^just as good" or 
"<^e same as," because they are cheaper, for you may 
be sure that the dealer oflfering them to you makes a 
larger percentage of profit on the cheap substitute 
than he does on the original and genuine article. 
Cheap remedies are usually worthless and aie made 
of inferior ingredients to those which are couioined 
in remedies. It takes no stretching of*tbe iDiaginalioii 
to know this. ^ 

35 



10. JDon't inbreed or close breed your hogs. Such 
practices are contrary to natural laws, and the penal- 
ty of their infraction is weak constitutions in the de- 
scendants of inbred and close bred hogs. 

HOW TO PREVENT AND ARREST 
DISEASE. 

1. Prevention is better than cure. 

2. Half measures add to expense and loss, and are, 
in the end, exasperating. 

3. Keep your hogs in a healthy and vigorous con- 
dition, and if contagious diseases come into the 
neighborhood they will be the last attacked, the least 
hurt, and the least liable to succumb. 

4. Purchase remedies only which have obtained 
reputation by years of successful use, and recommend 
themselves to your judgment by the treatment ad- 
vised. 

5. Always purchase remedies of which others are 
imitations, counterfeits and substitutes, for the reason 
that a remedy which is counterfeited is sure to be a 
successful one and profitable to use, or it would not 
be counterfeited, just as the genuine dollar bill or 
government bond are counterfeited, because they are 
valuable. 

6. In selecting a remedy get the one which is uni- 
versally endorsed, and when you get it, follow the di- 
rections in aU particidars. 

Beware of Ignorant Prescriptions. 

[The Drovers^ Journal of Chicago lately published 
the following sound words of advice concerning the 
ignorant and dangerous prescriptions that annually 
go the rounds of the agricultural press :] 

" Free prescriptions, like free shows, are usually 
without merit, and in numerous instances are posi- 
tively harmful. 

" Many thousands of hogs have died a quick death, 
and the cause has been falsely attributed to hog 
^'cholera," whereas the true cause was that, misled by 
the gratuitous advice of correspondents of county 
and agricultural papers, the farmers administered 
copperas and arsenic as sure cures for " hog cholera," 
and black antimony as a fattening powder. These 



voluntary prescribers are certainly ignorant of the 
properties of these poisons, for we find the United 
States Dispensary says : 

'J Sulphite of iron (copperas) is an astringent and 
irritant. In large doses,it is apt to produce nausea, 
vomiting, griping and purging, and its use, when 
long continued, injures the stomach. As its effect is 
chiefly that of an astringent it can not be used with 
advantage to improve the quality of the blood. 
Taken in an overdose it acts as a poison." 

Regarding the effect of arsenic, the same authority 
says: 

"Arsenic administered internally or applied ex- 
ternally acts with very great energy and generally 
destroys life in a short time * «• * occasionally 
the symptoms have a perfect resemblance to Asiatic 
cholera in the stage of collapse. It is very rare to 
observe all these symptoms in the same individual or 
animal. Sometimes, indeed, they are nearly all 
wanting, death taking place without any pain or 
prominent symptoms. 

"Arsenic may be detected in exhumed bodies long 
after death, and has been found in the brain of a 
body that has been buried years ago." 

The same authority, which we may remark can be 
found in a drug store, says, concerning black anti- 
mony: "Antimony is a medicine of the greatest 
power of any known substance; a quantity too 
minute to be sensible in the most delicate balance is 
capable of ^ producing potent effects. Antimony can 
not be relied upon for a definite effect, being some- 
times mild and sometimes more active than might be 
desirable. It is not generally employed by physi- 
cians." 

Prof. Ricord, of Paris, a celebrated chemist, after 
conducting a series of experiments, demonstrated that 
antimony was a complete failure as a curative agent, 
but a decided success as a specific irritant poison. 

"Hog raisers^ will preserve their hogs and circum- 
scribe the limits of sickness among pork eaters by 
rigidly ignoring these and similar cheap prescrip- 
tions, and use such remedies as specifics for swine 
diseases as are prepared by veteriffaries who, by rea- 
flon of their scientific training and practical exneri- 



ence, are better fitted to prescribe and prepare 
remedies than. are newspaper correspondents, however 
well-meaning the latter may be. 

'' We are informed that Haas' Hog and Poultry 
Remedy is composed of such ingredients only as are 
the natural assistants of nature in its efforts to ward 
off disease, and judging from the numerous com- 
munications sent to our Letter Box, that it 'does all 
that is claimed for it." 

TO MEASURE CORN IN THE €RIB. 

This rule will apply to a crib of any size or kind. 
Two cubic feet of good, sound, dry corn in the ear 
will make a bushel of shelled corn. To get, then, the 
quantity of shelled corn in a crib of corn in the ear, 
measure the length, breadth and height of the crib, 
inside of the rail ; multiply the length by the breadth, 
and the product by the height; then divide the prod- 
uct by two, and you have the number of bushels ot 
shelled corn in the crib. To find the number of 
bushels of apples, potatoes, etc., in a bin, multiply 
the length, breadth and thickness together, and this 
product by 8, and point off one figure in the product 
for decimals. 

HAY IN THE STACK. 

To find the quantity of Hay in a Bound Stack, termi- 
nating in a Cone: For timothy, square the diameter, 
multiply by 8, and that product by the height of the 
stack, reckoning up to one-third of the distance from 
where it begins to taper off to the top or apex ; cut 
off the right hand figure, and divide by 75 ; the re- 
sult will be in tons. Should there be a remainder, 
m\iltiply it by 2,000, and divide again by 75; the 
quotient will be pounds. For clover hay, square the 
diameter, multiply by the height of the stack, as for 
timothy, and that product by 7 ; cut off three right 
hand figures, and all on the left will be tons; then 
multiplv the figures upon the right by 2,000, cut off 
three from the right, and all on the left will be 
pounds. 

38 



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California. 



Connecticut. 



Dakota. 



Illinois. 



Indiana. 



Iowa. 



Kansas. 



Kentucky. 



Louisiana. 



Massachu'ts. 



Michigan. 



Minnesota. 



Missouri. 



Nebraska. 



New Hamp. 



New Jersey. 



s: 


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New York. 



Ohio. 



Pennsyl'nia. 



R. Island. 



s: 



Vermont. 



Cri050>' ■ 00*..C5Cr>' en' ►*>-*>■ 

0500. . ^^05005. o. tooo 



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Wisconsin. 



QUANTITY OF HAY IN A MOW. 

Multiply the length of the mow by the breadth, 
and that product by the height; divide by 600 for 
timothy, and 800 for clover ; the result will be tons. 
To the remainder annex a cypher and divide by 3; 
the result will be pounds. 

The following editorial appeared in the Drovers^ 
Journal of August 7, 1884. Coming as it does from 
a newspaper of general circulation among breeders 
and feeders of live stock, and devoted entirely to 
their interests, it is entitled to the most careful con- 
sideration : 

Fraudulent Veterinary Medicines. 

Ever since the Drovers' Jowmal was established we 
have been importuned to admit to our columns ad- 
vertisements of compounds called hog and cholera 
remedies. Our readers will give us the credit of 
believing that we have exercised a censorship over 
the advertising columns in the interest of our sub- 
scribers. We have repeatedly refused the use of this 
paper for the advancement of schemes of quacks and 
adventurers, notwithstanding the highly remunera- 
tive rates offered for the opportunity. In addition to 
the exclusion from this paper of advertisements of 
articles we believed to have been frauds, we have al- 
ways considered it a duty to warn its readers against 
schemes directly aimed to entrap the unwary. It 
has again become our duty to exercise this high 
function of journalism by advising our readers to 
view with distrust the advertisements now going the 
rounds of the country press of imitations and sub- 
stitutes for the well known Haas' Remedies, which 
have been advertised in the Drovers^ Journal for years. 

We have refused the insertion of advertisements 
of these imitations and substitutes for two reasons : 
First, because the Haas' Remedies are known by the 
feeders to be what they are represented, and are com- 
pounded by one of the leading veterinarians of the 
age, a graduate of the severest school of veterinary 
learning, the Berlin Veterinary College, a gentleman 
whose testimonials as to personal character and abil- 
ity and to the efficacy and worth of his preparations 

40 

:i 



have convinced us of his merit and claim to the use 
of our columns. Second, because the substitutes 
claimed to be the same preparations, we judge them 
to be egregious frauds from the lack of medical rep- 
utatioi^ of the manufacturers, whose ability seems to 
be limited to imitations and counterfeiting of suc- 
cessful medicines. The compounders of these imitations^ 
as far as we can ascertain, have never graduated either as 
chemisU or veterinary surgeons, hut have filled laboiHng 
and clerical positions. The breeder or feeder who 
would use their concoctions as substitutes for those 
prepared by a professional veterinary of wide celeb- 
rity, endangering his herds, exhibits less wisdom 
than the man who should employ a shoemaker to 
make his coat or a bricklayer to prescribe for the 
Asiatic cholera ; for the shoemaker may have changed 
his occupation, and the bricklayer may have once 
had the cholera and prescribed the remedies which 
saved his life ; but these charlatans and impostors, 
as far as we can gather the information carefully 
sought for, have never dissected a hog or any other 
animal, nor treated as veterinary surgeons, a horse 
or a cow. 

Stock feeders of all classes will always be on the safe side 
when they use established and successful remedies, prepared 
by regular practitioners, which are indorsed by their fellow 
feeders, and ignore the plausible representations of firms 
and individux.ds whe aim foi- the almighty dollar without 
offering a fair equivalent. 

CONTENTS OP CISTERNS. 

The following gives the contents of circular cis- 
terns for each foot in depth : 



Diameter. Barrels. 

5 feet 4.66 

6 feet 6.7 

7 feet 9.18 



Diameter. Barrels. 

8 feet 11.98 

9 feet 15.10 

10 feet 18.65 



If the diameter varies, take several measurements, 
add them together and divide the amount by the 
number of measurement — the quotient will be the 
average diameter. 



41 



The following is contents of square cisterns : 

Bbls. 

5 ft. X 5 ft. holds .... 5.92 

6 ft. X 6 ft. holds .... 8.54 



7 ft. X 7 tt. holds 



11.63 



8 ft. 

9 ft. 
10 ft. 



Bbls. 
X 8 ft. holds. . . . 15.19 
x9ft. holds. , . .19.39 
X 10 ft. holds . . .23.74 



QUANTITY OP VARIOUS SEEDS PER 
ACRE. 




60 
45 
14 
14 
50 
50 
45 
56 
56 
56 
60 
48 
32 
52 
60 
55 



55 



60 
60 



Red Clover 

Timothy 

Red Top 

Kentucky blue-grass 
Hungarian grass . . 

Millet 

Sugar cane seed . . . 

Flax seed 

Corn 

Rye 

Wheat 

Barley 

Oats 

Buckwheat . . . f . 

Potatoes 

Sweet potatoes . . . 

Beets 

Carrots 

Turnips ■ . 

Parsnips 

Onions 

White Beans .... 
Peas 



8 to 10 lbs. 
Va to Vy bushel. 
)| to 1 bushel. 
V/o to 2K bushels 
% to V2 bushel. 
K to % bushel. 
2 quarts. 
1 to 3 bushels. 
4 to 6 quarts. 
] to 2 bushels. 

1 to 2 bushels. 
VA, to 2 bushels. 

2 to 3 bushels. 
Yi to % bushel. 
iO to 15 bushels. 

4 to 10 pounds. 

2 to 3 pounds. 

lib. 

2 to 3 lbs. 

4 to 6 lbs. 

3^ to 1 bushel. 

13^ to 23^ bushels 



The Necessity of Keeping Healthy Hogs. 

The hog "multiplies fast and matures quickly. 
When it is considered how important a factor the 
hog is in the production of wealth, is it not a little 
strange that the real scientific knowledge of hogs for 
raising and keeping them healthy is so little under- 
stood ? 

The hog brings more money to this nation from 
other nations than all the domestic animals put to- 
gether ; yet until Dr. Haas introduced his invaluable 
Remedy, the farmers and feeders of hogs were at the 
mercy of experimental and valueless remedies for 
swine diseases. 

42 



m\ 



In the districts where his Remedy is universally 
used, swine disease has ceased to become epidemic 
and is always under full control. 

WHAT HAAS' REMEDY WILL DO. 

1. Put your hogs in first-class condition. 

2. It will stop cough and regulate the bowels. 

3. It is the only remedy known to relieve a hog 
when smut poisoned. 

4. It will keep sows healthy during pregnancy, 
and superinduce a sound progeny. 

5. It will arrest disease in every instance, if admin- 
istered before the vital parts are beyond the reach of 
aid. 

6. It will destroy worms. 

7. It is a thorough preventive. Feeders who use 
it all the year round have no disease among their 
swine. 

8. It will repay its cost many times over in the 
extra pounds of pork it will make without extra feed. 
Hogs treated with it will gain two or more pounds 
while others are gaining one. The reason of this is 
that it regulates the digestive functions and thereby 
enables the animal to convert every article of food 
eaten into pork, involving no waste. 

WHAT HAAS' REMEDY WON'T DO. 

1 . It won't put new vitals into swine which were 
^born only to premature death. 

2. It won't cure swine which obtain the remedy 
upon the plan that the impecunious Irishman got 
drunk, viz., by absorption. Swine never absorb the 
remedy given to another hog. 

3. It won't prevent and arrest disease in hogs that 
are given two cents worth when twenty-five or more 
cents worth are necessary. 

4. It will not accomplish the results intended if 
the directions as to feeding it, and the sanitary and 
dietary instructions are neglected. 

5. It will not save from death swine to whom it 
is administered after the vitals are destroyed by dis- 
ease, nor prevent disease in those already diseased. 

! « 



TO KEEP MILK SWEET. 

Among the many methods adopted to preserve milk 
for a lengthened period, is that of M. Pasteur. He 
has found that if milk be heated to 212°, the boiling 
point of water, it will remain sweet for a few days ; 
if heated to 220° (under pressure, of course), it will 
remain sweet for several weeks ; but if heated to 250°, 
the milk will keep for any number of years. 

REASONS WHY HAAS' HOG AND POUL- 
TRY REMEDY IS THE BEST. 

1. Because it is counterfeited, and unscrupulous 
dealers endeavor to foist upon the farmer other prep- 
arations which are claimed to be " the same " or 
"better" than Haas' remedy, in order to secure larger 
profits than can be made on the genuine article. All 
counterfeits prove the value of the genuine article. 

2. Because it not only arrests but prevents disease. 

3. Because it not only arrests and prevents dis- 
ease, but, by reason of its assimilative properties aid- 
ing digestion, it repays its cost with compound in- 
terest by putting on extra pounds of pork without 
extra feeding, enabling the farmer to market his hogs 
from one to two months earlier than without it. 

4. Because when used according to directions it 
will tone the hog system, expel ail poisons from the 
blood, aid digestion, and destroy worms, thus remov- 
ing the prime causes of disease. 

5. And when used according to directions to arrest 
disease, it will stop coughing and thumping in hogs, 
regulate the bowels, create an appetite and allay fever. 

6. Dr. Haas is the only inventor and manufacturer 
of a remedy who offers to insure hogs against disease 
and put up sufficient money in bank to secure the 
farmer whose hogs he insures. He will insure all the 
hogs in a township or even a county. The larger the 
herd the better. Concerning the success of his rem- 
edy read the testimonials from nearly every Western 
State. Concerning his financial ability inquire of 
any banker at Indianapolis, Indiana. 

WEATHER WISDOM. 

The Farmers' Club of the American Institute, has 

44 



issued the following ten rules in relation to the 
weather, which farmers would do well to preserve for 
future reference : • 

1. When the temperature falls suddenly, there 
is a storm forming south of you. 

2. When the temperature rises suddenly, there 
is a storm forming north of you. • 

3. The wind always blows from a region of fair 
weather toward a region where a storm is forming. 

4. Cirrus clouds always move from a region 
whore a storm is in progress to a region of fair 
weather. 

5. Cumulous clouds always move from a region 
of fair weather to a region where a storm is forming. 

6. When cirrus clouds are moving rapidly from 
the north or northv/est, there will be rain inside of 
twenty-four hours, no matter how cold it is. 

7. When cirrus clouds are moving rapidly from 
the south to the southeast, there will* be a cold rain 
storm on the morrow, if it is summer ; if it be winter, 
there will be a snow storm. 

8. The wind blows almost in a circle around the 
storm, and when it blows from the north, the heaviest 
rain is east of you ; if it blows from the south, the 
heaviest is west ; if it blows from the e*t, the heav- 
iest is south ; if it blows from the west, the heaviest 
rain is north of you. 

9. The wind never blows unless rain or snow is 
falling, within one thousand miles of you, 

^ 10. Whenever a heavy white frost occurs, a storm 
is forming within one thousand miles north or north- 
west of you. 

If. 

WEIGHT PER BARREL OF DIFFER- 
ENT ARTICLES. 

LEGAL OR BY USE. 

Lbs. Lbs. 

Flour 196 Soap 256 

Boiled salt 280 Raisins 112 

Beef 200 Anchovies 3a- 

Pickled fish 200 Hydraulic cement .... 300 

Pork 200 Lime 220 



45 



I WILL IJYSURE YOUR HOGS 

I MEAN WHAT I SAY AND SAY WHAT I MEAN. 



■RTI "KTOT "nPHFTVPn By worthless SUBSTITUTES 
J5iJ JNUi JJJjUJJiVlJi; claiming to be the same as 

the Haas' Remedy, some of which are enclosed in wrappers 
of same color and size and have same directions as on my 
well known packages. 



THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC SWINE REMEDY 

-^ IS — ■*- — 

DR. JOS. HAAS' 

Hog 1 Poultry Hemedy 

Sold by all Respectable Druggists and General Storekeepers. 




(None Genuine except with |^is Trade Mark.) 

Eemember that I have always personally prepared 
my own remedies, and have never employed any 
one to perform that duty for me, all state- 
ments to the contrary notwithstanding. 



This Eemedy is the first and only one put upon the 
market which has successfully answered the question, 
'* How can swine diseases be prevented and arrested?" 
It has stood the severest tests for nearly ten years. 
All so-called remedies, since put upon the market, 
claiming to be the same as mine, are feeble imitations 

46 



inspired by the success obtained by me, and are com- 
pounds containing neither merit nor medicine, and 
should be avoided as you would repel the advances 
of bunko-steerers or three-card-monte men. All the 
tests heretofore made with my Remedy were made 
under my personal supervision and at no time by 
peddlers formerly in my employ, none of whom are 
chemists or veterinary surgeons, notwithstanding 
their false claims of having made such tests. 

READ MY PROPOSITIONS. 

1. I will insure herds of not less than 100 hogs at 
80 much per head conditioned that my Kemedy is 
used under my personal direction, and pay the mar- 
ket price for all that die ; in other words, I am ready 
at any time to forfeit money if my statements can 
not be substantiated by practical tests of my Kemedy. 

2. Where my expenses are paid, I will visit herds 
of not less than 100, and will arrest the disease 
among them or forfeit $500. ♦ 

3. After hogs have been regulated by the Remedy, 
I guarantee that the annual cost of feeding it will 
not exceed 35 cents per head ; furthermore that the 
increase of actual flesh will ^far more than pay for 
the Remedy used. 

THE COST OF FEEDING THE REMEDY. 

It costs to feed Haas' Remedy, as a preventive and 
arrester of disease, from twenty -five to fifty cents per 
hog during its lifetime, determined by the prevalence 
of disease in the neighborhood and the physical char- 
acteristics of the locality where they are fed. 

Note. — Feeders too often make the mistake of 
waiting until their hogs are crippled by disease, and 
then rushing off to the drug store to purchase for a 
large number of hogs Remedy sufficient only for a 
few, and expect from small, irregular and insufficient 
doses, the result that can be obtained only by regular 
treatment. The result is failure, which is improperly 
charged against the Remedy instead of to false econ- 
omy. A thorough trial, "strictly according to directions, 
is respectfully solicited, and the result will be the 
same as recorded in the testimonials. 

Don't wait until your hogs show unmistakable 
47 



signs of disease, and then try my Remedies on hogs 
•which are past all redemption, but use my Remedies 
as a preventive with all your hogs, and its power to 
prevent those iinafflicted from contagion, although 
herding with the sick hogs, will be fully demonstrated. 
Immediately a hog indicates disease, feed it the 
Remedy as directed in that case, and you will test itg^ 
power as an arrester of disease. 

Prices: — 50c., $1.25 and $2.50 per box, accord- 
ing to size. 25 pound cans, $12.50. Full directions 
in each box. The larger sized packages are the 
cheapest. 

If your druggist or general store doesn't keep my 
medicines, or urges you to purchase cheaper and 
cousequently inferior substitutes, send remittance 
direct to me and I will fill your order, but I prefer that 
you should procure it of your druggist or dealer, 

• Jos. Haas, V. S., 

Indianapolis, Ind. 

SIZE TO MAKE BOXES FOR CERTAIN 
MEASURES. 

A box 20 inches square, and 16| inches deep, will 
contain one barrel (3 bushels). 

A box 15 inches square, and 14^ inches deep, will 
contain half a barrel. 

A box 17 inches by 14 inches, and 9 inches deep, 
will contain one bushel. 

A box 10 inches by 12 inches, and 9 inches deep, 
will contain half a bushel. 

A box 8 inches square, and 8| inches deep, will 
contain one peck. 

A box 8 inches square, and 4j'^ inches deep, will 
contain 1 gallon (dry)=i bushel=268| cubic inches. 

A box 4 inches square, and 4/^ inches deep, will 
contain 1 quart. 

The following 

TESTIMONIALS 

From all parts of the Union are indiscriminately 
selected from letters sent by farmers, feeders, breeders 
and druggists selling the Haas Remedies. They are ar- 

48 



ranged by States so that the reader can satisfy him- 
self with little or no trouble by writing or visiting 
the subscribers. 

ARKANSAS. 

Fayetteville, Ark., Feb'y 5, 1885. 
Send us at once another $50 lot of H. and P. Remedy. 

Gregg <fe Smith. 

COLORADO. 

Fort Collins, Col., January 13, 1885. 
Your package of Hog Remedy came to hand all safe, and 
have been using it. Have not lost any hogs. The hogs ara 
dying around here. Enclosed find draft for $12.50. Please 
send the worth of same in your Hog Remedy, and ship by 
express. Very truly yours, N. C. Alford. 

Weissport, Col., April 17, 1885, 
Please send me another box of your Poultry Remedy. It 
is the best preventive I can get. I have used it for three 
years; it keeps my chickens healthy. C. B. Cornu. 

INDIANA. 

Shelbyville, Ind., Marchi9, 1885. 
Please ship us by freight $100 worth of your Hog Remedy 
as described in following order. McCrea & Bishop. 

"As soon neglect feeding their natural food." 

1 have used your Remedies for more than six years. I 
have found them to do more than you stated they would do, 
and I would as soon neglect feeding my hogs their natural 
food as to deprive them of your Hog and Poultry Remedy 
as a preventive and fattener. Jacob M. Harshbarger. 

Crawfordsville, Ind. 

" 2S"ever lost a hog." 

Beech Grove, Ind., July 25, 1884. 
I have fed Dr. Jos. Haas' Hog and Poultry Remedy to my 
herd of hogs continuously for the past seven years, and 
have never lost a hog; and the amount of pork has been 
very much larger than when I did not feed the Remedy. I 
would not be without it. John T. Wheatley. 

" Since using as a preventive have not lost a hog." 
W. A. Maze, of Sharpesville, Ind., writes: I have been 
breeding pure Berkshire and Yorkshire hogs for twenty 
years; have lost heavily from hog cholera. In the fall of 
1879, 1 lost 79 out of 87 fine Berkshires with that terrible 
plague.^ Since then I have been using your Remedy as a. 

Ereventive, and have not lost any, while my neighbors' hogs 
ave had it and died more obIoss every year. Your Remedy 
as a preventive can not be recommended too highly. 

Denver, Ind., March 2, 1885.^ 
Sir— Your goods have given good satisfaction in this 
neighborhood. Our druggist has sold some of it to my 
neiifhbors, and they think i.t a good thing. Yours with re- 
spect, W^W. KiRBY, 

of Kirby & Zook, Breeders. 
4 49 1 



Terre Haute, Ind., Jan. 22. 1885. 
Please ship me enclosed ($100) order for Hog and Poultry 
Remedy J. A. Footk. 

ILLINOIS. 

Canton, III., Oct. 11, 1880. 

Dr. Joa. Haas' Swine Remedy has been successfully used 
in this neighborhood on different herds of hogs for prevent- 
ing and arresting swine disease, known as cholera. Where 
I know of it being used it has given entire satisfaction. 
The parties using it claim that it did more than it was 
recommended to do. A.C.Moore. 

[Mr. Moore is one of the best known breeders in the U.S.] 

Shepard & Alexander, of Charleston, 111., write to the 
Indiana Farmer as follows : We ordered some of Dr. Jos. 
Haas' Hog Medicine through you for some of our neighbors 
whose hogs were dying very rapidly. None died after tak- 
ing the Remedy. We can cheerfully recommend it as a 
preventive. We think it has no equal. Every farmer who 
raises hogs ought to use it. Shepard & Alexander. 

" "Will Put Hogs in Condition in the Shortest Time 
of Any Medicine "We Ever Used." 

B. F. Dorsey & Sons, Perry, 111., say : We have been an 
exhibitor at the fairs for twenty-nine years, and have used 
many kinds of medicine for appetizing and putting hogs 
in show condition, but the Haas Medicine will put hogs in 
condition in the shortest time of any medicine we ever 
used. It is the best appetizer for hogs we ever used at any 
time. Since using this Remedy we have had no cholera nor 
any symptoms of swine disease, and it is our opinion after 
six years' trial that it is a good medicine. 

•'Always Proved Satisfactory." 

Streator, III., Oct. 10, 1884.^ 
Your Medicine has always proved itself satisfactory in 
every respect, and I shall continue to give you my exclusive 
patronage. Milford Craft. 

Strawn, III., September 23, 1884. 
Hogs are dying fast all around us, but parties who have 
kept using your Remedy seem to ward it off. 
I am, yours, etc., 

W. H. OXLEY. 

Henry, III., May 8, 1885. 
Please send us by U. S. Express $25.00 worth of your Rem- 
edy, most all in $2.50 packages. Please rush this. Your 
Remedy gives good satisfaction. 

J.E.& F.A.Powell. 

Canton, III., January 9, 1885. 
Please send us another S501ot,of your Hog Remedy. It 
gives good satisfaction, and we will do all in our power to 
push it. Ross & Ruble. 

50 



Wyoming, III., April 3, 1885. 
Your "Hog Remedy" we think a good thing, having 
used some of it. ^ W. Scott & Son. 

Strawn, III., September 26, 1884. 
* --f J Hogs dying all around me. I have kept 160 all 
right with your Remedy. Please send me a 25-pound can. 
Am. Ex. J. H. CuRYEA. 

St. Elmo, III., September 9, 1884. 
Please send me by express a lot of your Hog Remedy. I 
have fed the Remedy personally and find it good. 

F.M.FOLGER. 

LoMAx, III., October 14, 1884. 
I wish you to send me one more can for my own use. All 
I have used and all I have sold has given good satisfaction. 
I have known of it arresting disease in three days. One 
man came to me and wanted me to insure a cure. 1 gave 
him six pounds and directed him how to use it. I told him 
if he thought it did any good to pay me, if not I would give 
it to him. In four days afterward he came and wanted me 
to order one can for him. I did so in my last order. He 
says it helped his hogs from the first feed of it. It has been 
used very successfully in five herds close by here. 

'f Chas. Vaughn. 

[Later.] 

Lomax, III., November B, 1884. 
My herd of hogs look fine and doing well by the liberal 
use of your Remedy. Stockmen are coming miles to see my 
herd and get a quantity of the Remedy, and all think it a. 
good thing. Chas. Vaughn. 

Champaign, III., March 6, 1885. 
Dear Sir — The cholera is among a number of droves of 
hogs in this county. I have suggested your Remedy to a 
number of farmers. I am a shipper, and feel considerable 
interest in having the disease stopped. I will do what I 
can in introducing it. I am, respectfully, yours, 

Oeo. W. Davidson, 
Live Stock Shipper. 

Abingdon, III., March 12, 1885. 
Dear Sir — Inclosed please find amount of last bill. Your 
Hog Remedy is gaining friends and giving good satisfac- 
tion. Truly yours, F. P. Foltz. 

Ferris, III., May 26, 1885. 
My trade is increasing in your Remedy. 

K. S. Holt. 
El Daro, III., June 12, 1885. 
I got two packages of your Remedy about one year ago. 
It gave good satisfaction. What is your price now? 

• S. G. Kendrick. 

Atkinson, III., January 5, 1885. 
Please send us $20 worth of your Hog Remedy. Every- 
body wonders what makes our own hogs look so slick. We 
tell them it is using your Remedy two or three times a week 
to our well hogs. It has induced them to try it, and some 
are getting convinced that it is what doeS'it. 

Jackson tt'Co. 
51 % 



IOWA. 

Indianola, Ia., October 31, 1884, 
Send me as much of your invaluable Remedy as possible for 
$75. I have about 200 bogs in my care. I do not propose to 
wait until tbey are diseased unless something should de- 
velop before you can fill this order. Send as soon as possi- 
ble. John Gosling, Superintendent 

Swan, Bosler Land and Cattle Co. 

YoRKTOWN, Ia., November Y, 1884. 
Please send us 25 pounds of your hog medicine. Send 
soon as possible, as the parties are waiting on it. We have 
other remedies but they want yours. 

Yours very respectfully, 

Scales k Ernst. 

Iowa Falls, Ia., March 19. 1885. 
The Ptemedy is doing good work this winter— about every 
farmer has had sick hogs— but Dr. Haas' Hog Remedy, 
brings them out all 0. K. 

John L. Swartz. 

St, Lucas, Ia. 
Enclosed find order forSSO worth of your Remedy. The 
remedy gives perfect satisfaction. I have the first case of 
failure to hear from. Theo. Peery. 

Dayton, I a., March 30, 1885. 
I have used your hog powders for hogs and poultry. I 
like it very much, I was prevailed upon to try an imita^ 
tion of yours. I don't like it. I want 10 pounds of your 
powders. Where shall I get it. 

Chas. Mencham. 

Boone, Ia., October 29, 1884. 
I have used your Remedy with very satisfactory results. 

William Beckett 

Odebolt, Ia., December 2, 1884. 
The can of medicine came to hand in due time and I 
have fed as directed and my hogs are all right. The disease 
is now on two sides of me. Please send me two more cans 
by return express. I propose to stick to your Remedy, 
Shall not allow myself to get out. J. A. Bare. 

Goshen, Ia., December 11, 1884. 
Enclosed find $30 for Hog Remedy. Send by express. 
Yours respectfully, 

Horace Bliss. 

Bradgate, Ia., November 3, 1884. 
We have had more than ten applications for the Remedy 
since we introduced it here. Send at once. 

Thos. Hollis, & Co. 

Creston, Ia. 
We to-day send you copy of paper containing ad. We 
have ad, in both daily and weekly. Medicine selling very 
fast. Arnold Bros. 

52 



Beaman, Ia., October 18, 1885. 
Please send me by American Express Co., two 25-pound 
cans Haas' Hog and Poultry Remedy. They all want the 
Haas Remedy here, so I will ha,ndle no other. 

Jas. K. Bowman. 

Vinton, Ia. 
I had seventy-sis hogs, all diseased, appetite gone, and 
gaining nothing with the best of feed and comfortable quar- 
ters. A number had already died, and five were thumping 
when I commenced using Dr. Haas' Hog Remedy. Their 
appetites increased more than one-half in ten days. They 
stopped dying ^t once, and beyan growing from that time. 
They were all constipated, but are now all regular and 
doing well. J. T. McVVhoeter. 

" All That is Claimed for It." 

Crawfordsville, Ia., September 30, 1884. 
This is to certify that I have fed the Haas Hog and Poul- 
try Remedy for the past two years, and I can recommend it 
to be ail that is claimed for it, if fed right along. 

J. B. Crooks. 
Stratford, Ia., June 24, 1885. 
For the past six months I have been using your Hog 
Remedy, and I can say by my own experience that it is the 
best thing I have ever seen. My hogs are thriving so well 
that my neighbors are wondering about it. I shall never 
be without it as long as I can get it. Irvin Erickson. 

The loss in Nebraska during the last year has been 
for the first time very heavy. Eeports from 46 of 
the 73 counties show that out of 1,302,675 head of 
swine, 460,463 were affected with the disease, and 
352,921, valued at $2,445,778, died. 

KANSAS. 

CoRONADO Stock Farm, Clay Center, Kan., June 4, 1885. 

To the Editor Journal.— Dear Sir : In January, 1885, 
after the death by disease of two large Berkshires, either of 
which would weigh from 400 to 500 pounds, I gave to the 
balance of the herd in same yard (about 100 in number) a 
thorough course of treatment with Haas' Hog Remedy, ac- 
cording to the printed directions. None of these hogs have 
ever since shown any symptoms of disease. One car load 
of them topped the Kansas City market in February last, 
the remainder I still have. I have kept Haas' Remedy on 
hand for the past two years, and so long as it continues to do 
what it has done for my hogs.I ask for no better. 

M. M. Miller. 
Oak Hill Stock Farm, Clay Co., Kan., June 3, 1885. 

Editor Drovers Journal : I had diseases among my hogs 
in the month of February, 1885. I had lost ten and was 
then recommended the Haas' Hog Remedy, and commenced 
using it. After using the Remedy three days I never lost 
another hog, and am fully satisfied the Remedy did the work. 

« John Lynk. 

53 ^ 



Brookville, Kan., Nov. 26, 1884. 
Please to forward by express, 25-pound can of your Hog 
Remedy. M.S.Crowley, 

Proprietor Brookville Mills. 

Clay Center, Kan., Nov. 7, 1884. 
Yours received and contents noted. We sell now three 
times as much as we have heretofore. We have had very 
little disease among hogs here since we first took the Rem- 
edy. The Haas' Remedy is still on the boom. 

Sharpe & Co. 

Cherokee, Kan., Feb. 3, 1885. 
Please ship me another $40 lot of your Remedy. I find an 
increasing demand since the parties have found out it can 
be obtained at the price now sold, as where I have sold it 
parties speak of it in the highest terms. 

W. F. Hainer. 

KENTUCKY. 

Camp Nelson, Ky., Jan. 2, 1886. 
Please send us another S35 bill just as you did before. 
We are about out, and don't want the hogs to be without it. 
Send at once. Soott &, Bryant. 

Auburn, Ky., Sept. 29, 1884. 
Dear Sir— Please send me by first express a lot of your 
Hog Cholera Remedy. Yours is a good remedy and gives 
satisfaction. D. Y. Winston. 

NiCHOLASviLLE, Ky., Nov. 1, 1884. 
Please ship me by express $40 lot of Hog and Poultry 
Remedy as described below. Jefferson Oxlby. 

MARYLAND. 

Breathedsville, Washington Co., Md., 1 
September 26, 1884. j 

One of my neighbors, Mr. Gera. South, is at my house, 
and his hogs at home sick. I am sorry I haven't powders • 
on hand to spare for him to feed. Send him a twenty-five- 
pound can to Hagerstown, Md., as soon as possible. 

Ezra Burtner. 

Easton, Md., Dec. 29, 1884. 
Two of my friends came to me and want to get some of 
your powders. Enclosed find $12.50 for a twenty-five- 
pound can. Please send by express at once. 

D. G. Barber. 

Easton, Md., Nov. 13, 1884. 
Your Cholera Remedy has been tried, and I now regret 
not having ordered larger quantity. It has stopped the^ 
fattening hogs dying, and improved their appetite. En- 
closed find $12.50. Please forward at once by Ad. Ex. 

F. C. GOLDSBOROUGH. 

Easton, Md., Feb. 18, 1885. 
We enclose order for $20 worth of Remedy at the sugges- 
tion of D. C. Barber, who has used the Remedy with sue- 
cess. Dawson & Jenkins. 

54 



MINNESOTA. 

Minneapolis, Minn., Feb. 28, 1885. 
We have just received a circular from a competitor of 
yours. We also notice there are several other parties put- 
ting up hog cholera cures. We shall stand by your Kemedy, 
•and will do all we can to discourage the use of the bogus 
remedies for we deem it a very disreputable business for 
any man to infringe on the trade of a proprietary medicine. 
Yours, resp'ly, Grossman & Plummer. 



MISSOURI. 

Walker, Mo., Feb. 16, 1885. 

About two months ago the cholera broke out in my herd 
of hogs, and within one week my loss was between S600 and 
$700. I purchased some of Haas' Hog and Poultry Remedy, 
and after using it once my hogs commenced getting better, 
and within three days stopped dying and commenced im- 
proving. 

I consider it worth the cost as a preventive, and also con- 
sider it a sure cure and do not intend to be without it. 

M. D. Johnson. 

La Plata, Mo., Oct. 27, 1880. 
Our hogs were sick and dying ; bought a package of Jos. 
Haas' Hog Remedy ; it arrested the disease immediately. 
Since using it our hogs have regained their appetites and 
all symptoms of disease have disappeared. They are fat- 
tening faster than any hogs we ever had the same length of 
time. It is a success and we cheerfully testify to same. 

Very truly, Griffin & Bro. 

" It Saved Me From $800 to $1,000." 

Hannibal, Mo., June 20, 1884. 
I have used Dr. Jos. Haas' Hog Remedy and can recom- 
mend it as a sure cure for hog cholera. I lost eight hundred 
dollars ($800) worth of hogs last spring out of a herd of 
over 300 head. I began feeding the remedy while they were 
dying at the rate of two or three a day, and from the first 
day of feeding the Haas Remedy 1 have not lost a hog ; in 
fact, they have improved right along, and it has Only cost 
me $27.50, and I am sure it has saved me from $800 to $1,000. 

Frank Lee. 

Macon, Mo., April 8, 1885. 
We are having a nice trade on your goods. 

Williams & Wooldridge. 

Louisville, Mo., May 26, 1885. 
Dear Sir— We order $60 worth of your H and P. Remedy 
this morning. There is considerable cholera now among 
leading farmers herds. We have sold it in dozen instances, 
no cure, no pay, and have never lost a cent. We have receiv- 
ed several testimonials from good men. It has never failed. 

Brown &, Wells. 
55 » 



Phelps City, Mo., Dec. 2, 1884. 
Ship me four 25-lb. cans Hog Remedy. Am selling the 
Remedy rapidly, and it is saving many hogs. Some farmers, 
apparently through prejudice, refuse to use the Remedy and 
are losing all their hogs. E. J, Wade. 

Knox City, Mo., Oct. 11, 1884. 
Please send SIO worth of your Hog Medicine. I have 
used your medicine for several years. F. Wolter. 

Martvillr, Mo., February 3, 1885. 
Please send of your Hog and Poultry Remedy $40 worth, 
or duplicate my last order. S. C. McClusket. 

NEBBASKA. 

Willow Springs Distillery, Omaha, Nbc., Nov. 4, 1882. 

We had 1,220 hogs in our barns, some of them showing 
unmistakable signs of the disease known as hog cholera. 
Following 'were the symptoms exhibited : Dull, drooping 
appearance, thumps, blind staggers, use of hind quarters 
partially gone, and a dry, staring coat. We purchased $300 
worth of Haas' Remedy; fed it according to directions, care- 
fully observing all sanitary precautions. Some hogs died, 
but as soon as they were under the influence of the Haas 
Remedy, they ceased dying from the malady and general 
thriftiness set in. Their appearance and weight continued 
to improve until date of shipment. 250 head were in the 
barns 44 days. 400 head, 70 days, and the balance, 80 days. 
Their gain in weight and quality was highly satisfactory. 
Knowing that these splendid results were due to the Haaa 
Remedy, we wish to make the record public, believing that 
others interested in the hog will be vastly benefited by mak- 
ing use of this Remedy. _ D. E. Iler, 

President Willoic Springs Distilling Co, 

Milford, Neb., January 10, 1885. 
Your Remedy seems to give satisfaction. V/e used some 
in bulk for large feeders. You may send three cans with 
directions. A. W. Funk & Co. 

York, Neb , February 25, 1885. 
Please send us six cans of your Remedy as soon as possible. 

Jerome Bros. 

York, Neb., March 21, 1885. 
Please send six more cans as soon as possible. 

Jerome Bros- 

[The last above was the sixth order received from Jerome] 
Bros, within three months, and speaks well forthepopu-" 
larity of the Remedy in their neighborhood.] 

" The half has never been told." 

Have arrested the cholera in the sickest lot of hogs I^ 
have ever seen by the use of Haas' Hog Cholera Remedy,; 
and in my experience liberally indorse it as being a good 
honest medicine, of which the half has never been told. 
, J. M. Gardner, 

York, Nebraska. 
» 56 



mi 



" Saved me $3,000." 

In January, 1885, hog disease attacked my herd in the 
most malignant manner, but by the prompt use, according 
to directions, of Haas' Hog Remedy, the disease was ar- 
rested with only a trifling Iops. In my experience the Rem- 
edy is worth the price of it in the increased amount of pork 
which its use produces, and the general thriftiness of the 
herd which follows its use. I consider that my entire herd 
was saved from tke ravages of the hog disease by the use of 
the Remedy. Hon. Chas. Keckley, 

York, Nebraska^ 

Grand Island, Neb., Oct. 15, 1884. 
Please send by express one can containing 25 pounds of 
your Hog Cholera Remedy. R. R. Alter. 

Cedar Creek, Neb., Feb. 28, 1885. 
Enclosed find draft for $25. Send me fifty pounds of your 
Hog Remedy. Jas. G. Allison. 

Red Cloud, Neb., Nov. 6, 1884. 
Please send me $50 worth of your Hog Remedy. 

W.'N. Richardson, Dealer in live stock. 

Ithaca, Neb.; July 19, 1884. 
Hogs doing well now since we got your Remedy, and 
some of our neighbors want the Remedy. 

J. F. Roll & Co. 

Westksn, Neb., Dec. 30, 1884. 
Your Remedy is successful in this part of the country. 
Please send me 830 lot by express. John F. Bartos. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

SuNCOOK, N. H., January 13, 1885. 
Send me $5 worth of your Hog Remedy. Would like it for 
my own use. J. G. Bartlett. 

OHIO. 

Ada, 0., April 13, 1865. 
I have -had offers to handle other goods but propose to 
stay with your Remedy as long as goods give satisfarction as 
they hare in the past. J. N. Mahan. 

St. Paris, 0., September 6, 1884. 
We are getting your medicine introduced. It has never 
failed to arrest the disease yet. We have had it put to the 
severest tests but it always cured. We expect to continue 
to sell. Jones & MussEbMAN. 

Dent, 0., December 22, 1884. 
I have used your Remedy for my chickens and I want some 
more. John W.Mili»er. 

Oxford, Butler County, 0. 
I have used Dr. Haas' Hog Remedy with excellent re- 
sults. Having thoroughly tested it, I knqw it is a success. 

Jas. Murphy. 

57 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

** "Would not Bisk Feeding a Pen of Hogs without 
the Remedy." 

GiBSONTON, Westmoreland Co., Pa., Feb. 2, 1885. 
About a year ago our herd here numbered about 2,700 
head. Disease broke out, and no remedj' we had would ar- 
rest the trouble. Our losses were heavy, and we had to give 
up feeding altogether for about three months. We then 
heard of your Remedy, and bought a trial lot and began 
feeding again. We have used it constantly ever since. We 
have, since April last, received into our herd about 6,000 
head of hogs, and have not had a single death from swine 
disease. This is our experience. Our opinion is that the 
Remedy has prevented disease, and we would not think of 
being without it. As an aid in fattening pork we believe it 
to be good. On this point, however, we have not made an 
actual test, as we would not risk feeding a pen of hogs with- 
out the Remedy. Yours very truly, 

White & Co. 



TENNESSEE. 

Paris, Tenn., March 19, 1885. 
I use your hog medicine, and am well pleased with its 
effects upon my stock. P. D. T. Roberts. 



WISCONSIN. I 

J. M. Ellsworth, of Martinsville, Wis., says: "I have ; 
used your Remedy and have seen it tried on a number of ^i 
herds with great satisfaction. It will do all you claim for 
it, and I would not think of raising hogs without it." 

Haas' Hog Remedy Sent for from England. 

It is gratifying to learn that the advertisement of Dr. Jos. 
Haas' Hog and Poultry Remedy, which appears on our last 
page, was seen by a prominent swine breeder in England, 
and resulted in his sending an order this week for a quan- 
tity of the Remedy inclosing with his order a draft for the 
amount of the bill. The gentleman inquired from several 
breeders on this side their opinion of the Remedy and was 
informed that their experience with it proved it to be not 
only a preventive and arrester of disease, but worth many 
times its value as a pork producer. 

This instances, first, the value of the Indiana Farmer as 
an advertising medium, and second, the advantage to the 
advertiser who possesses the secret of manufacturing an 
article, the great value of which is sounded abroad by his 
patrons as a duty they owe to their fellows and in gratitude 
to the man whose discovery has been the means of saving 
and making money for them.— Indiana Farmer i June 13, 1885i 

58 



J 



IDIt. JOS. K-A-A-S' 

LIYE STOCK REMEDIES. 

SOLD BY ALL DEUGGISTS MB STOREKEEPERS. 




BEWARE OP COUNTERFEITS. 



Wone Genuine without this Trade Mark. 

These remedies are indispensable to stockmen, farm- 
ers and horsemen. You can not only save but make 
money by keeping them for use by your stock, as the 
fine condition they will put them in will enhance 
their value many times more than the cost of the 
remedies. It is cheaper to enjoy protection from dis- 
ease for one year than to run the risk of loss for one 
day. Money is saved by using them. Money is made 
by using them. They will improve your horses and 
cattle. They will increase the flesh on your cattle. 
They will prevent all diseases of animals. They will 
cure when used in the early stages of disease. 

Remember prevention is better than cure, and that 
domestic animals, unlike the human family, can not 
make known their ailments, therefore the only safe 
rule is to use such measures as will promote diges- 
tion, assimilate the food and purify the blood. Don't 
delay to procure them urftil your animals are suffer- 
ing, but keep a supply always on hand. 

These remedies have enjoyed for several years a 
reputation among the leading stock raisers of the 
country, of being 

59 



THE BEST STOCK REMEDIES 

Offered to the public. In contrast with other prep- 
arations, which are manufactured by adventurers, 
wlio hardly know the difference between the head and 
hoof of an animal, these remedies are manufactured 
by a graduated veterinary surgeon, who before put- 
ting them on the market thoroughly tested their use- 
fulness in his private practice. These remedies are 
guaranteed to give satisfaction. 

Jos. Haas, V. S.^ 

56 Soutli Pennsylvania Street, 
INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 



HAAS' ALTEEATIVE OR OOTOITION POWDER 

Nature's Eestorative— Guaranteed to be the Best 
Condition Powder Manufactured— The Best Pre- 
ventive of Diseases of the Blood and Con- 
tagious Diseases— No Stable Com- 
plete "Without It. 

It will tone the stomach, assist digestion, regulate 
the bowels, throw off all poisons from the blood, de- 
stroy parasites, and regenerate the system. It will 
loosen the hide, the staring coat will become slick 
and glossy ; it will infuse new life into the gait, the 
head will become erect, the eyes clear and bright, and 
the thorough regeneration will be gratifying to both 
owner and animal. The strong peptic proportions of 
my Alterative will prevent the fermentation of 
food in the stomach, therefore all flatulence and dis- 
position to colic, and inflammation of the stomach 
and bowels may be avoided by its use. All acid con- 
ditions of the bowels, dysentery, constipation, etc., 
will be promptly relieved by it if given according to 
directions. It will prevent engorgement of the liver, 
and regulate the biliary organs; itsdiuretic and alter- 
ative properties will correct all derangements of the 
urinary organs, and will prevent inflammation or 
congestion of the kidneys, diabetes, etc., etc. 

Be warned in time by such symptoms as dribbling 
urine, ineffectual efforts to stool, too frequent stalling, 
profuse sweating, excessive thirst, and urine clear 
and watery, weakness in the lions and hind legs, etc., 

60 



etc. Haas's Alterative will purify the blood and 
prevent all blood diseases and eruptions ; your ani- 
mals are constantly exposed to such blood poisons, 
as they may be taken up in food and drink, absorbed 
into the system from impure air, contagious diseases, 
and overcrowded barns, imperfect ventilation, etc., 
etc., and my Alterative being an antidote to such, 
poisons, it should be frequently used by all horse- 
men. Animals enervated and worked down can be 
restored to a normal condition by giving it faithfully. 

It may be used for mules and cattle with equal 
success. 

Price, per box, small size, 25 cents ; large size, 50 cents. 
Directions in every box. 

HAAS' EPIZOOTIC EEMEDY. 

Famous for Preventing and Curing Distemper, Epi- 
zootic, Pink Bye, Influenza, Pneumonia, 
Coughs, Colds and Catarrh. 

There are no diseases common to horses that will 
destroy their value and usefulness more than distem- 
per, epizooty, pink-eye and relative diseases, and 
where this valuable specific is used in time, it will 
afford absolute protection from the danger and loss 
of services occasioned by these periodic diseases. 
This remedy is as useful to horses as quinine is to the 
human race. It has no equal in preventing and 
curing the above diseases and those attributable to 
blood poisoning. It will ward off dropsy, rheuma- 
tism, diabetes, inflammation of the kidneys and all 
kidney complaints, and horses who have experienced 
its kindly effects emerge from their diseases in fine 
condition and with a glossy coat. This remedy has 
never failed in any instance. 

Price, $1.00 per box. Directions in every box. 

HAAS' OOLIO KEMEDY 

The only known cure for Bots, Spasmodic Colic and 
Gastritis The most eiTective Preventive of En- 
^teritis or Inflammation of the Bowels. 

This remedy if used promptly will save the life of 
a valuable animal and thS owner hundreds of dollars. 
Animals with a predisposition to colic, may have this 
habit of nature counteracted and entirely removed 
by using the remedy as an anti-periodic. 

The diseases for which this is a specific are more 
61 



prevalent during the grass season and when feeding 
new grain. If used as a preventive upon indications 
of colic or hots, the most serious consequences can be 
avoided, and being a powerful anodyne is an antidote 
for pains of all kinds in the stomach and bowels. 
Price, $1.00 per box. Directions in every box. 

HAAS' CATTLE REMEDY. 

Prevents Pleuro-Pneumonia, Black Leg or Quarter 

111, Bloody Murrain, Milk Fever and Inflamma- 

tion of the Udder. 

It is in use among the best herds of the country, 
and its eminent success is sufficient guarantee of its 
genuine merits. Prudence must suggest its use in all 
herds of value, as it is not only the best known pre- 
ventive of disease, but, being a great appetizer and 
aid to digestion, it will far more than PAY ITS 
COST in the extra pounds of beef which it will pro- 
duce, and in feed saved to effect such result. 

It will prevent pasture poisons, and being an anti- 
dote to the secaline poison of ergot, it will ward off 
abortion, its evil consequence. This is a danger to 
which all cattle are exposed, as blasted or "smut" 
grains and fodder are liable to be fed by the most 
judicious feeders. On low grounds, during damp 
seasons, the danger is greatly increased, and the evil 
results are not only abortion, but gangrene of the ex- 
tremities, and final decomposition and death. If 
used during gestation it will prevent retention of the 
placenta, and should be used in all cases of puerperal 
fever and mammites, or inflammation of the udder. 
It will increase the flow of milk and prevent milk fever, 
and is therefore an invaluable adjunct of the dairy. 

It will ward off Pleuro-Pneumonia, Black Leg or 
Quarter 111, Bloody Murrain, and kindred diseases of 
the blood. Being a strong food assimilative, it will 
remove all obstructions to a normal digestion. Scours, 
constipation, depraved appetite, dyspepsia, hoven or 
tympanitis, and any predisposition to the sequelae of 
indigestion may be avoided by its use. If the system 
is debilitated, the vital functions lowered in tone, the 
coat staring, the skin dry and harsh, make free use 
of it, and avoid the inevitable consequences of such 
symptoms. 

Price, $1.00 per box. Directions in erery box. 
62 



Testimonials to the worth of Haas' Hors& 
and Cattle Remedies. 

The following testimonials are sufl&cient to demon- 
etrate the worth of these remedies and show that they 
are used by stockmen in all sections of the United 
States : 

February 7, 1885. 
Dr. Jos. Haas— Dear Sir: The Remedies got here all 
right. I have used the Cattle Remedy for my ox with the 
best of results; he is all right now and at work. 

^ D. A.Segar. 

P. 0. Box 165, Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island. 

Perry, Pike Co., III., May 14, 1885. 
Dr. Jos. Haas: — We never used anything that helped 
horses like that box of Epizootic Medicine did ours last 
winter when our horses had the distemper. It kept it off of 
our imported horses altogether, for we used it as the direc- 
tions say. We are satisfied it is the best thing we ever used. 
We frequently receive letters and cards asking if we recom- 
mend the Haas Remedies, and we reply that our recom- 
mendations are not half of what we know to be the fact. 
Truly yours, ' B. F. Dorsey & Sons, 

Wolf Grove Stock Farm. 

June 2, 1885. 
Dr. Jos. Haas, V. S.— Dear Sir: Enclosed find postoflico 
order for $6.00, and accept thanks. Your Live Stock Reme- 
dies give entire satisfaction. Yours respectfully, 

W. B. Bland, Downey, Cal. 
Hannibal, Mo., August 15, 1884. 
I have used Dr. Jos. Haas' Horse and Cattle Remedies 
with my stock for two years, and have always found them 
to give relief. My neighbors have also used them, and say 
they are the best medicines they have ever used with their 
stock, as they are sure cures. Matt N. Priest. 

Dr. Jos. Haas: — Your Alterative Medicine gives perfect 
satisfaction. Ross & Jones, Druggists, 

Fort Valley, Ga. 

Dr. Jos. Haas: — Please send us by express one dozen Al- 
terative. We are entirely out of it and are having a de- 
mand for it. Scott & Frazier, Girard, Kan. 

Dr. Jos. Haas: — Please send me immediately, by express, 
the following: Two dozen boxes Alterative, one dozen 
boxes Cattle Remedy. A. J. Harris, Osborne, Kan. 

My horses were worked down during harvest time, and I 
tried several prescriptions for invigorating them, but with 
no effect, when I determined to try Haas' Alterative. After 
using two boxes my horses came out all right. Last fall 
one of my best horses was-suffering from Pink Eye, and; 
was in a miserable condition, and pleased with the success 
obtained by other remedies of Dr. Haas, I sent for a box of 
his Epizootic Remedy, and it cured my horse completely^ 
I think it is the best remedy I ever heard of. 

Jacob Harshbarger, 
Farmer and Banker, Ladoga, Ind.< 
63 



(s^ IF YOU WOULD— 2^ 

Prevent Disease in Your Hogs!'' 

■ TJSE j 






-IK YOU- 



VALUB YOUR HORSES AJfD MULES' 

TJSE 

HAAS' ALTERATIVE, or 
HAAS' EPIZOOTIC REMEDY, 
OR HAAS' COLIC REMEDY. 

AND IF YOU DESIRE 



XJSE 



Haas' Cattle Remedy ! 



Per Sale by all Drti^gists and General Storekeepers. 



"For everything is booming: right along, right along, 
And everything is selling for a song, for a song; 
Yet we are very, very happy, although we know it's wrong^ 
To give unto the public such choice clothing for a song." 



Will buy ^S.OO worth of goods at the 
great 

MODEL 

CLOTHING COMPANY 

INDIANAPOLIS. 



WE ARE MANUFACTURERS ! 

WE HAVE ONLY ONE PRICE! 

WE CHARGE THE SMALLEST POSSIBLE PROFIT! 

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR IVIONEY REFUNDED I 

The best Men's Suits in the United States for $5, 10 and $15. 

The best Boys' Suits for $3, $4, ^5 and $6. 

The best Children's Suits for $1.90 to $5. 

The best 50c. Unlaundried Shirt in the World. 

HATS AND CAPS, 

For Men and Boys at 25 to 40 per cent, below any Hat Store 

prices. You are sure to save a great deal of money 

by always trading at the popular 

MODEL CLOTHING CO., 

Largest Clottiing House in. ttie AAr^est- 

Five (5) Stores in One, 

43 and 43 East liVasliington Street, 
18, 20 and 33 Soutb Pennsylvania Street, 

INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 



WHEN I SAY I WILL 

INSURE YOUR HOGS 

I MEAN WHAT I SAT and SAT WHAT I MEAN. 



THE OTTL"^ SCIENTIFIC SWINE REMEDY IS 

Dr. JOS. HAAS' 

Hog 1 Poults Y Hemedy ! 

Endorsed and recommended by the leading Breeders 
of the U. S- and Europe. 




[Kone Genuine without this Trade Mark.] 

PRICES— 50c., $1.25 and $2.50 per box, accord- 
ing to size. 25 lb. cans, $12.50. Full directions in 
each box. The larger sized packages are the cheapest. 

If your druggist or general store doesn't keep my medi- 
cines, or urges you to purchase cheaper and consequently 
inferior substitutes, send remittance direct to me and I will 
fill your order, but I prefer that you should procure it of 
your druggist or dealer. 

JOS. HAAS, V.S., 

Indianapolis, Ind. 

FOB SALE BY 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



003 075 603 4 



